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Chapter 13: Problem 19

Discuss the benefits and problems associated with therapies using exogenous stem cells as compared to targeting endogenous stem cells to promote neurogenesis.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The benefits of exogenous stem cell therapies include greater selection possibilities, genetic modification potential, and precision in transplantation. However, they also face issues with immune rejection, ethical concerns, and inefficient integration. Targeting endogenous stem cells avoids immune rejection and ethical issues but may face challenges related to limited quantity, accessibility, and potential tumor formation.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction and Definitions

Exogenous stem cells are derived from sources outside the patient's body, while endogenous stem cells are found within the patient's own tissues. In neurogenesis therapies, these stem cells are utilized to replace or repair damaged neurons and facilitate functional recovery.
02

Benefits of Exogenous Stem Cell Therapy

Exogenous stem cell therapy has several advantages. First, it allows for the selection and use of specific stem cell types with known differentiation potential. Second, researchers can genetically modify the stem cells before transplantation, optimizing their properties for the target tissues. Third, the quantity of exogenous stem cells can be easily controlled, allowing for precision in the transplant process.
03

Problems of Exogenous Stem Cell Therapy

Despite its advantages, exogenous stem cell therapy has some challenges. One major problem is immune rejection, as the patient’s immune system may mount an attack against the externally derived stem cells. Additionally, ethical concerns arise when using embryonic stem cells for research purposes. Finally, the differentiation and integration of exogenous stem cells into the host tissue can be inefficient, leading to incomplete or suboptimal functional recovery.
04

Benefits of Targeting Endogenous Stem Cells

Targeting endogenous stem cells for neurogenesis has several benefits. First, this approach circumvents the issue of immune rejection, as the stem cells are derived from the patient's own body. Second, this method avoids the ethical concerns associated with using embryonic stem cells. Third, endogenous stem cells are already present in their natural environment, which may enhance their ability to integrate efficiently into the damaged tissue.
05

Problems of Targeting Endogenous Stem Cells

However, targeting endogenous stem cells has its set of challenges. First, it may be difficult to identify and manipulate endogenous stem cells within the body, hindering the success of this approach. Secondly, the quantity of endogenous stem cells may be limited, and stimulating their proliferation may not provide enough cells for effective treatment. In addition, targeting endogenous stem cells may accidentally induce tumor formation due to their inherent capacity for self-renewal.
06

Conclusion

Both exogenous stem cell therapies and targeting endogenous stem cells have their benefits and challenges in promoting neurogenesis. Exogenous stem cells offer greater selection possibilities and precision but have issues with immune rejection and ethical concerns. On the other hand, targeting endogenous stem cells avoids immune rejection and ethical issues but may face challenges related to accessibility and potential tumor formation. Researchers and clinicians must carefully consider the advantages and drawbacks of each approach when developing therapies for patients.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What role do basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes Mash1, Math and Ngn have on neurogenesis? a. Induce differentiation to the glial lineage b. Induce migration of NPC c. Maintain the stem cell pool by regulating self-renewal d. Induce differentiation to the neuronal lineage

Which cell type is not likely derived from neural stem/ progenitor cells? a. Neuron b. Monocyte c. Astrocyte d. Oligodendrocyte

Which is not a complication for embryonic or fetal stem cell transplant therapy? a. Transplanted cell are recognized by the immune system as foreign and are rejected b. Some cultural ethics oppose the use of embryonic and fetal stem cells c. Transplanted cells preferably differentiate to microglia rather than neurons d. Transplanted embryonic stem cells may form teratomas

List the processes that a neural stem cell must undergo to become a functional neuron.

List some of the roles of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in CNS development and homeostasis.
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