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Chapter 19: Problem 1

Describe clinical differences between \(\mathrm{GBS}\) and CIDP.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Key differences between GBS and CIDP include onset (GBS is rapid, while CIDP is slow and chronic); progression (GBS has a peak severity, plateau, and recovery phases, while CIDP may progress gradually with a relapsing-remitting course); symptoms (rapid muscle weakness in GBS, pain and symmetrical limb weakness in CIDP); diagnosis (nerve conduction studies and cerebrospinal fluid analysis show distinct patterns); and treatment (supportive care and immunotherapies for GBS, long-term immunosuppressive treatments and physical therapy for CIDP).

Step by step solution

01

Briefly describe GBS and CIDP

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive muscle weakness and areflexia. It's an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis. Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic neurological disorder, similar to GBS, but with a slower progression. Like GBS, CIDP is an autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nerves' myelin sheath, leading to muscle weakness and sensory loss.
02

Compare the onset of GBS and CIDP

GBS usually develops rapidly, with symptoms reaching peak severity in two to four weeks, followed by a plateau phase and recovery. It can be triggered by infections, surgeries, or vaccinations. CIDP, on the other hand, is a chronic disorder that develops slowly over a period of 8 weeks or longer. It may progress gradually or show a relapsing-remitting course.
03

Compare the symptoms of GBS and CIDP

Both GBS and CIDP share common symptoms, such as progressive muscle weakness, sensory loss, and areflexia. However, some differences can be pointed out: - GBS patients often experience rapid progression of muscle weakness, which may lead to paralysis. This rapid progression is not typically seen in CIDP. - GBS is more often characterized by autonomic dysfunction, which may manifest as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and bowel or bladder function. - Pain may be more commonly reported in CIDP than in GBS. - In CIDP, patients typically exhibit symmetrical limb weakness with diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes. In GBS, weakness may initially be more variable and asymmetric.
04

Compare the diagnosis of GBS and CIDP

Both GBS and CIDP are diagnosed based on clinical presentation, nerve conduction studies, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. - In GBS, nerve conduction studies typically reveal slowed conduction velocity with conduction block, while in CIDP, there may be more pronounced demyelination and prolonged distal latencies. - CSF analysis in GBS patients often shows elevated protein levels without a corresponding increase in white blood cells (the albuminocytologic dissociation). In contrast, in CIDP, there may be an elevated white blood cell count in addition to increased protein levels.
05

Compare the treatment of GBS and CIDP

Although both conditions are immune-mediated, the treatment approaches differ. - GBS treatment focuses on supportive care and immunotherapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasmapheresis. These treatments help to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, as well as hastening recovery. - In contrast, CIDP usually requires long-term immunosuppressive and immunomodulating treatments such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs, in addition to IVIG or plasmapheresis. Physical therapy is also crucial in the management of CIDP.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which factors contribute to chronification of the autoimmune inflammation?

Which is the correct explanation for "onion bulb" formation in CIDP? a. Macrophages phagocytose myelin debris b. Abundant T-cell apoptosis c. Repetitive De- and Remyelination with Schwann cell proliferation d. Nitric oxide release e. Genetic myelin deficiency

Which of the following myelin proteins is not involved in experimental neuritis? a. MAG b. P2 Protein c. P0 Protein d. MOG e. \(\mathrm{PMP} 22\)

Which of the following infectious agents is linked to axonal damage and GBS? a. C.jejantilior 04 b. Neisseria meninigidis c. Listeria monocytogenes d. Proteus mirabilis e. C.jejuoni serotype Penner 19

The influence of the immune system on disease progression in genetic myelin disorders. a. Has been excluded b. Has been clearly shown in experimental models c. Has immediate therapeutic implications d. Is merely speculative e. Has been confirmed only in the Lewis rat
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