Chapter 22: Problem 7

HIV-1 brain infection in post-HAART era is characterized by a. aggressive forms with severe HIVE and white matter injury b. "burnt-out" forms of HIVE c. more extensive \(\beta\)-amyloid \((A \beta)\) deposition d. more often occurrence of opportunistic infections e. \(a\) and \(d\) f. \(a, b\), and \(c\)

Short Answer

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a) Aggressive forms with severe HIVE and white matter injury b) "Burnt-out" forms of HIVE (HIV encephalitis) c) More extensive β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition d) More often occurrence of opportunistic infections e) a and d f) a, b, and c Answer: ____________

Step by step solution

Examine Option a

Aggressive forms with severe HIVE and white matter injury: This statement suggests that HIV-1 brain infections during the post-HAART era result in aggressive forms with severe HIVE (HIV encephalitis) and damage to the white matter. It is important to consider if this statement is correct based on the understanding of HIV in a post-HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) period.

Examine Option b

"Burnt-out" forms of HIVE (HIV encephalitis): The student should consider if "burnt-out" forms of HIVE are characteristic of HIV-1 brain infection during the post-HAART era. Burnt-out HIVE may refer to HIVE that is not as aggressive as it was before the introduction of HAART.

Examine Option c

More extensive \(\beta\)-amyloid (Aβ) deposition: This statement implies that post-HAART-era HIV-1 brain infections can cause increased deposits of β-amyloid, a key protein associated with Alzheimer's disease. The student should analyze if β-amyloid deposition is more extensive during the post-HAART era as compared to previous HIV-1 brain infections.

Examine Option d

More often occurrence of opportunistic infections: This statement is about the frequency of opportunistic infections in HIV-1 brain infection during the post-HAART era. The student should evaluate whether the post-HAART era is indeed associated with an increase in the number of opportunistic infections, despite the improvements in antiretroviral therapy.

Check Options e and f

Once the student has assessed the individual statements (a, b, c, and d), they should evaluate options e (a and d) and f (a, b, and c) based on the conclusions from their analysis. If multiple statements are found to be correct, the student should select the option that encompasses all of the correct statements.

Select the Correct Option(s)

After examining each option in detail and considering the characteristics of HIV-1 brain infection in the post-HAART era, the student should select the correct option(s) based on their analysis. If they are still unsure, they may want to review their knowledge of HIV and HAART, as well as consult relevant sources to confirm their decision.

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Short Answer

Step by step solution

Examine Option a

Examine Option b

Examine Option c

Examine Option d

Check Options e and f

Select the Correct Option(s)

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