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Chapter 27: Problem 3

Which line(s) of evidence from human studies support that the immune inflammatory response in \(\mathrm{ALS}\) has a role in amplifying disease progression? a. Increased expression of myeloid dendritic cells mRNA transcripts in ALS spinal cord that correlates with a faster rate of progression b. Increased mRNA expressions of the chemokine MCP-1, and the cytokine macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in ALS spinal cord, which attracts and induces differentiation of monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, respectively. c. Both a and b d. Neither a or b

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Both a and b

Step by step solution

01

Analyze option a

Option a states that there is an increased expression of myeloid dendritic cells mRNA transcripts in ALS spinal cord, which correlates with a faster rate of progression. This suggests that the immune-inflammatory response in ALS indeed has a role in disease progression.
02

Analyze option b

Option b states that there is increased mRNA expressions of the chemokine MCP-1, and the cytokine macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in ALS spinal cord. These molecules attract and induce differentiation of monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, respectively. This finding also supports the involvement of immune-inflammatory response in ALS disease progression.
03

Consider options c and d

Option c combines options a and b, while option d suggests that neither a nor b provides evidence for the immune-inflammatory response in ALS disease progression. Since we have already determined that both options a and b provide evidence of immune-inflammatory response involvement in ALS disease progression, option c would be the correct answer.
04

Conclusion

Therefore, the correct answer is option c (Both \(\mathbf{a}\) and \(\mathbf{b}\)) since both options a and b provide evidence that supports the role of immune-inflammatory response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease progression.

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