The neuropeptide synthesized and released from the CNS, particularly the hypothalamus, as well as from immune cells is a. \(\mathrm{ACTH}\) b. urocortin-1 c. \(\mathrm{CRH}\) d. TNF- \(\alpha\) e. insulin

To solve this problem, it is necessary to know the main function and origin of each option. Here is a brief overview of each option: a. \(\mathrm{ACTH}\): Adrenocorticotropic hormone, or \(\mathrm{ACTH}\), is a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol in response to stress. b. Urocortin-1: Urocortin-1 is a neuropeptide that has been shown to play a role in the mediation of stress and anxiety responses. It is related to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). c. \(\mathrm{CRH}\): Corticotropin-releasing hormone, or \(\mathrm{CRH}\), is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is the primary release factor for \(\mathrm{ACTH}\) and is synthesized in the hypothalamus. d. TNF-\(\alpha\): Tumor necrosis factor alpha, or TNF-\(\alpha\), is an immune cell-derived cytokine that is involved in systemic inflammation. It is primarily released by activated macrophages. e. Insulin: Insulin is a peptide hormone involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. It is produced in the pancreas.

According to the descriptions given in Step 1, \(\mathrm{CRH}\) (corticotropin-releasing hormone) is the correct option. It is synthesized and released from the CNS (particularly the hypothalamus) and plays a crucial role in the stress response by stimulating the release of \(\mathrm{ACTH}\). Answer: **c. \(\mathrm{CRH}\)**