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Chapter 41: Problem 3

Which of the following class of drugs is not recommended for first line therapy in patients with HIVassociated dementia? a. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors b. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors c. Protease inhibitors d. Entry inhibitors e. All can be used as first line agents in the treatment of HAD

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: d. Entry inhibitors

Step by step solution

01

Review Option A: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, also known as NRTIs, work by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is crucial for the replication of HIV. They are first-line treatment options for HIV infection and are effective in crossing the blood-brain barrier; thus, they can help manage HIV-associated dementia. This class of drugs can be used for the treatment of HAD.
02

Review Option B: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Like NRTIs, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) also target the reverse transcriptase enzyme. They are also used in first-line treatment for HIV infection and can be effective in managing HIV-associated dementia. Thus, this class of drugs can be used for the treatment of HAD.
03

Review Option C: Protease inhibitors (PIs)

Protease inhibitors (PIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the protease enzyme, which is essential for HIV replication. They also form part of the first-line treatment for HIV. Some PIs are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, making them suitable for managing HIV-associated dementia. This class of drugs can be used for the treatment of HAD.
04

Review Option D: Entry inhibitors

Entry inhibitors are a class of drugs that block the entry of HIV into host cells. They are generally not part of the first-line treatment for HIV infection, and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier can be limited. Therefore, they are not recommended as first-line agents for the treatment of HAD.
05

Review Option E: All can be used as first line agents in the treatment of HAD

As we have reviewed, NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs can all be used as first-line agents for the treatment of HIV-associated dementia. Entry inhibitors, however, are not recommended as first-line agents for HAD.
06

Conclusion

Based on the information above, the correct answer is: d. Entry inhibitors These are not recommended for first-line therapy in patients with HIV-associated dementia.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

HIV-associated dementia is also referred to as: a. HIV dementia b. AIDS Dementia Complex c. Subacute encephalopathy d. HIV-1-associated cognitive-motor complex e. All of the above

What aspects of clinical care have impacted the natural history of cognitive impairments in HIV infected individuals? a. The introduction of potent, combination anti-retroviral therapy b. The use of prophylactic medications against opportunistic infections c. Improved biomarkers for disease diagnosis d. One and two e. None of the above

Which of the following protease inhibitors is the most powerful inhibitor of the \(\mathbf{P 4 5 0}\) enzyme? a. Atazanavir b. Fosamprenavir c. Indinavir d. Nelfinavir e. Ritonavir

Recent guidelines for starting anti-retroviral therapy recommend that patients with advanced disease, as manifested by the development of an AIDS-defining illness including HAD, or presence of severe symptoms such as unexplained fever, persistent diarrhea, or unexplained weight loss, should be started on ART if their \(\mathrm{CD}^{*} \mathrm{~T}\) cell count is \(<\mathbf{1 0 0}\). True/False

The clinical and laboratory features of HIV-associated dementia include all "except" which of the following? a. Psychomotor slowing b. History of HIV related disease c. Extrapyramidal symptoms d. Depression e. Reduced viral loads and serum beta 2 microglobulin
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