Functional segments of DNA are called (a) Genes (b) Chromosomes (c) Chromatin (d) Centrosome

Before selecting the correct answer, make sure to understand the basic concepts associated with DNA: (a) Genes: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the information to build a specific protein, which carries out a particular function in the cell. (b) Chromosomes: Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the nucleus of a cell and are made up of DNA and proteins. Each chromosome consists of numerous genes. (c) Chromatin: Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It helps in the packaging of the DNA within the cell nucleus. (d) Centrosome: Centrosome is an organelle present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, near the nucleus, responsible for the organization of the microtubules in the cell during cell division.

Based on the definitions provided in Step 1, the functional segments of DNA are the ones responsible for providing information to build a specific protein. Recall that genes are the segments of DNA which contain this information. So, the correct answer is: (a) Genes