For each of the following questions, four choices have been provided. Select the correct alternatives. Which one of the following options are correct. I In amocba, nucleus and cytoplasm divide simultaneously during binary fission. II In budding, the new offspring detaches immediately from the parent. III In amoeba, cytoplasm divides first followed by the division of nucleus. V In budding, the new offspring detaches after it is fully matured. (a) I and II (b) I and IV (c) III only (d) IV only

Reproduction in amoebas is a fascinating demonstration of how a single-celled organism can reproduce. The process is called binary fission, which is a form of asexual reproduction. Understanding amoeba's reproduction helps to realize one of the simplest methods of cell division.

The process begins with the replication of the amoeba's genetic material, the DNA, located inside its nucleus. The nucleus is key to controlling the actions of the cell and carrying the genetic instructions for growth and reproduction. Once the DNA has duplicated, the nucleus divides in a process known as karyokinesis. This is followed by the division of the cytoplasm, or cytokinesis, during which the amoeba's cell splits into two separate but identical cells.

The nucleus does not divide simultaneously with the cytoplasm. The nucleus division is a precise event that precedes the splitting of the cytoplasm, ensuring each new cell contains the correct genetic information.

Cell division is integral to life, encompassing the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. It's important to understand that there are different types of cell division, primarily mitosis and meiosis in multicellular organisms, and binary fission in prokaryotes, like bacteria and in certain single-celled eukaryotes.

In binary fission observed in amoebas, the cell division process is simple, given that there is no complex structure like in multicellular organisms. The cell's genetic material is first duplicated and then separated, pulled to opposite ends of the cell. A division septum forms, and the cell splits, creating two daughter cells each with an exact copy of the original cell's DNA.

Importance of Sequential Steps

The order of events in cell division is critical. The first step always involves the separation of genetic material. Any error in this sequence can lead to genetic mutations or cell death, emphasizing why understanding each step in cell division is crucial for grasping how life proliferates down at the cellular level.

Budding is another asexual reproductive strategy used by various organisms, including yeasts, hydras, and some plants. Unlike binary fission, budding involves the formation of a new organism from a small projection growing on the surface of the parent.

The new organism, or bud, develops by means of cell division at one particular site. It starts as a small bulge and eventually enlarges to form a new individual. Throughout this process, the bud remains attached to the parent organism, allowing the exchange of nutrients and genetic information.

Detachment of the Bud

Once the bud reaches maturity, with fully formed organs and body structure, it detaches from the parent organism. This process of detachment is key to the growth of new, independent organisms which can then continue the life cycle. Contrary to some misconceptions, the bud does not detach immediately after it's formed. Ensuring that it is fully mature before separation is essential for the survival and further propagation of the species.