Which one of the following is a correct statement? (a) Overexploitation of species helps in increasing population number of many species. (b) Silent Valley National Park is an example of in situ conservation method which conserves wildlife outside its natural habitat. (c) Endemic species are organisms that are found only in a particular area. (d) Biodiversity refers to genetic and species diversity only.

Endemic species are extraordinary examples of nature's diversity, restricted to a single geographical location.

For instance, the lemur species of Madagascar or the kangaroo in Australia are not naturally found anywhere else on the planet. These species have evolved over time in isolation from others and have adapted to their specific habitat. The presence of endemic species can signal the uniqueness of an ecosystem, allowing us to better understand environmental influences and evolutionary processes.

However, because these species are confined to a specific environment, they are particularly vulnerable to changes in their habitat. Be it deforestation, climate change, or the introduction of invasive species, such disturbances pose substantial risks. Conservation efforts for protecting endemic species are critical to preserving global biodiversity, as their extinction would mean a reduction in the overall genetic pool and could disrupt delicate ecological balances.

Biodiversity is the tapestry of life, woven from a variety of organisms, ecosystems, and genetic makeups that populate Earth.

It is, essentially, life's variety in all its forms and interactions. Beyond species diversity, biodiversity includes genetic variation within each species and the assortment of ecosystems that host and interconnect life forms—like the intricate networks found in rainforests, coral reefs, or even urban areas.

Why is biodiversity important? It plays a crucial role in ecosystem services that support human life, including food provision, water purification, disease control, and climate regulation.

Ecosystem Stability and Resilience

A diverse biological community tends to be more resilient to disturbances and can maintain ecological functions more effectively than a less diverse one. This resiliency is crucial as the climate changes and various pressures threaten ecosystems globally. It's also key to remember that diversity within species—genetic variation—is as important as the diversity of species themselves, offering the raw materials for adaptation and survival.

Overexploitation is when human activities extract resources faster than they can replenish, leading to a decline or even the collapse of species and ecosystems.

Commercial fishing, logging, and poaching are common examples of overexploitation, which can result in some species becoming endangered or extinct. Unsustainable practices like these undermine the very systems upon which humans depend, such as fisheries for food and forests for climate regulation.

Ironically, while overexploitation aims at short-term benefits, it often leads to long-term consequences, including economic instability for industries dependent on these natural resources.

Combating Overexploitation

Effective measures to prevent overexploitation include creating protected areas, enforcing sustainable harvesting limits, and promoting awareness about the sustainable use of natural resources. These activities, when combined with in situ conservation efforts, can help manage and preserve biodiversity, ensuring that the exploitation of natural resources doesn't exceed their capacity for renewal.