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Chapter 20: Q2RQ (page 1119)
What is a fixed cost? Give an example.
Fixed costs are the costs that persistent consistency in total amount.
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On the CVP graph, where is the breakeven point shown? Why?
Calculating breakeven point for two products, margin of safety, andoperating leverage
The contribution margin income statement of Delectable Donuts for May 2018follows:
DELECTABLE DONUTS Contribution Margin Income Statement Month Ended May 31, 2018 |
Net Sales Revenue | \(125,000 | |
Variable cost | ||
Cost of goods sold | \)32,100 | |
Selling cost | 17,400 | |
Administrative cost | 500 | \(50,000 |
Contribution Margin | \)75,000 | |
Fixed cost | ||
Selling cost | \(37,800 | |
Administrative cost | 12,600 | \)50,400 |
Operating income | \(24,600 |
Delectable sells five dozen plain donuts for every dozen custard-filled donuts. A dozenplain donuts sells for \)4.00, with a variable cost of \(1.60 per dozen. A dozen custardfilled donuts sells for \)8.00, with a variable cost of $3.20 per dozen.
Requirements
1. Calculate the weighted-average contribution margin.
2. Determine Delectable’s monthly breakeven point in dozens of plain donuts and custard-filled donuts. Prove your answer by preparing a summary contribution nmargin income statement at the breakeven level of sales. Show only two categories of costs: variable and fixed.
3. Compute Delectable’s margin of safety in dollars for May 2018.
4. Compute the degree of operating leverage for Delectable Donuts. Estimate thenew operating income if total sales increase by 20%. (Round the degree of operating leverage to four decimal places and the final answer to the nearest dollar.Assume the sales mix remains unchanged.)
5. Prove your answer to Requirement 4 by preparing a contribution marginincome statement with a 20% increase in total sales. (The sales mix remainsunchanged.)
Computing margin of safety
Robbie’s Repair Shop has a monthly target profit of \(31,000. Variable costs are 20%of sales, and monthly fixed costs are \)19,000.
Requirements
1. Compute the monthly margin of safety in dollars if the shop achieves its income goal.
2. Express Robbie’s margin of safety as a percentage of target sales.
3. Why would Robbie’s management want to know the shop’s margin of safety?
A furniture manufacturer specializes in wood tables. The tables sell for \(100 per unit and incur \)40 per unit in variable costs. The company has \(6,000 in fixed costs per month. Expected sales are 200 tables per month.
17. Calculate the margin of safety in units.
18. Determine the degree of operating leverage. Use expected sales.
19. The company begins manufacturing wood chairs to match the tables. Chairs sell for \)50 each and have variable costs of \(30. The new production process increases fixed costs to \)7,000 per month. The expected sales mix is one table for every four chairs. Calculate the breakeven point in units for each product.
Identifying variable, fixed, and mixed costs Holly’s Day Care has been in operation for several years. Identify each cost as variable (V), fixed (F), or mixed (M), relative to number of students enrolled.
1. Building rent.
2. Toys.
3. Compensation of the office manager, who receives a salary plus a bonus based on number of students enrolled.
4. Afternoon snacks.
5. Lawn service contract at $200 per month.
6. Holly’s salary.
7. Wages of afterschool employees.
8. Drawing paper for students’ artwork.
9. Straight-line depreciation on furniture and playground equipment.
10. Fee paid to security company for monthly service.
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