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Chapter 24: Q6RQ (page 1355)
Question: What is the purpose of a responsibility accounting system?
Answer
The major purpose of a responsibility accounting system is to fix the cost control.
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One subunit of Track Sports Company had the following financial results last month:
Subunit X Actual Results Flexible Budget Flexible Budget % Variance
Variance (F or U) (F or U)
Net Sales
Revenue \( 474,000 \) 455,000
Variable
Expenses 261,000 255,000
Contribution
Margin 213,000 200,000
Traceable
Fixed Expenses 38,000 29,000
Divisional
Segment Margin \( 175,000 \) 171,000
Requirements
1. Complete the performance evaluation report for this subunit (round to two decimal places).
2. Based on the data presented and your knowledge of the company, what type of responsibility center is this subunit?
3. Which items should be investigated if part of management’s decision criteria is to investigate all variances equal to or exceeding \(8,000 andexceeding 10% (both criteria must be met)?
4. Should only unfavorable variances be investigated? Explain.
5. Is it possible that the variances are due to a higher-than-expected sales volume? Explain.
6. Will management place equal weight on each of the variances exceeding \)8,000? Explain.
7. Which balanced scorecard perspective is being addressed through this performance report? In your opinion, is this performance report a lead or a lag indicator? Explain.
8. List one key performance indicator for the three other balanced scorecard perspectives. Make sure to indicate which perspective is being addressed by the indicators you list.
The Trolley Toy Company manufactures toy building block sets for children. Trolley is planning for 2019 by developing a master budget by quarters. Trolley’s balance sheet for December 31, 2018, follows:
| TROLLEY TOY COMPANY | ||
| Balance Sheet | ||
| December 31, 2018 | ||
| Assets | ||
Current assets: | ||
Cash | \(58,000 | |
Accounts receivables | 22,000 | |
Raw material inventory | 1,200 | |
Finished goods inventory | 5,400 | |
Total current assets | \)86,600 | |
Property, Plant and Equipment | ||
Equipment | 142,000 | |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | (47,000) | 95,000 |
Total assets | \(181,600 | |
Liabilities | ||
Current liabilities | ||
Account payable | \)8,000 | |
Stockholders equity | ||
Common stock, no par | 120,000 | |
Retained earnings | 53,600 | |
Total stockholders equity | 173,600 | |
Total liabilities and stockholders equity | \(181,600 | |
Other budget data for Trolley Toy Company:
a. Budgeted sales are 1,400 sets for the first quarter and expected to increase by 150 sets per quarter. Cash sales are expected to be 30% of total sales, with the remaining 70% of sales on account. Sets are budgeted to sell for \)90 per set.
b. Finished Goods Inventory on December 31, 2018, consists of 200 sets at \(27 each.
c. Desired ending Finished Goods Inventory is 40% of the next quarter’s sales; first quarter sales for 2020 are expected to be 2,000 sets. FIFO inventory costing method is used.
d. Raw Materials Inventory on December 31, 2018, consists of 600 pounds. Direct materials requirement is 3 pounds per set. The cost is \)2 per pound.
e. Desired ending Raw Materials Inventory is 10% of the next quarter’s direct materials needed for production; desired ending inventory for December 31, 2019, is 600 pounds; indirect materials are insignificant and not considered for budgeting purposes.
f. Each set requires 0.30 hours of direct labor; direct labor costs average \(12 per hour.
g. Variable manufacturing overhead is \)3.60 per set.
h. Fixed manufacturing overhead includes \(7,000 per quarter in depreciation and \)2,585 per quarter for other costs, such as utilities, insurance, and property taxes.
i. Fixed selling and administrative expenses include \(11,000 per quarter for salaries; \)1,500 per quarter for rent; \(1,350 per quarter for insurance; and \)1,500 per quarter for depreciation.
j. Variable selling and administrative expenses include supplies at 2% of sales.
k. Capital expenditures include \(45,000 for new manufacturing equipment, to be purchased and paid for in the first quarter.
l. Cash receipts for sales on account are 40% in the quarter of the sale and 60% in the quarter following the sale; Accounts Receivable balance on December 31, 2018, is expected to be received in the first quarter of 2019; uncollectible accounts are considered insignificant and not considered for budgeting purposes.
m. Direct materials purchases are paid 90% in the quarter purchased and 10% in the following quarter; Accounts Payable balance on December 31, 2018, is expected to be paid in the first quarter of 2019.
n. Direct labor, manufacturing overhead, and selling and administrative costs are paid in the quarter incurred.
o. Income tax expense is projected at \)3,500 per quarter and is paid in the quarter incurred.
p. Trolley desires to maintain a minimum cash balance of \(55,000 and borrows from the local bank as needed in increments of \)1,000 at the beginning of the quarter; principal repayments are made at the beginning of the quarter when excess funds are available and in increments of \(1,000; interest is 10% per year and paid at the beginning of the quarter based on the amount outstanding from the previous quarter.
Requirements
1. Prepare Trolley’s operating budget and cash budget for 2019 by quarter. Required schedules and budgets include: sales budget, production budget, direct materials budget, direct labor budget, manufacturing overhead budget, cost of goods sold budget, selling and administrative expense budget, schedule of cash receipts, schedule of cash payments, and cash budget. Manufacturing overhead costs are allocated based on direct labor hours.
2. Prepare Trolley’s annual financial budget for 2019, including budgeted income statement and budgeted balance sheet.
3. Trolley sold 7,000 sets in 2019, and its actual operating income was as follows:
| TROLLEY TOY COMPANY | ||
| Income Statement | ||
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||
Net sales revenue | \)630,000 | |
Cost of goods sold: | ||
Variable | \(94,890 | |
Fixed | 36,540 | 131,430 |
Gross profit | 498,570 | |
Selling and administrative expenses: | ||
Variable | 12,600 | |
Fixed | 61,400 | 74,000 |
Operating income | 424,570 | |
Other income and (expenses): | ||
Interest expenses | (425) | |
Income before income tax | 424,145 | |
Income tax expenses | (22,000) | |
Net income | 402,145 | |
Prepare a flexible budget performance report through operating income for 2019. Show product costs separately from selling and administrative costs. To simplify the calculations due to sets in beginning inventory having a different cost than those produced and sold in 2019, assume the following product costs:
Variable | Fixed | Total | |
Static budget | \)84,240 | \(38,340 | \)122,580 |
Flexible budget | 93,940 | 38,340 | 132,280 |
4. What was the effect on Trolley’s operating income of selling 500 sets more than the static budget level of sales?
5. What is Trolley’s static budget variance for operating income?
6. Explain why the flexible budget performance report provides more useful information to Trolley’s managers than the static budget performance report. What insights can Trolley’s managers draw from this performance report?
7. During 2019, Trolley recorded the following cost data:
Standard Cost Information
Quantity | Cost | |
Direct materials | 3 pounds per set | \(2.00 per pound |
Direct labor | 0.30 hours per set | \)12.00 per hour |
Variable manufacturing overhead | 0.30 hours per set | \(12.00 per hour |
Fixed manufacturing overhead Static budget amount: \)38,340 | 0.30 hours per set | \(21.00 per hour |
Actual Cost Information
Direct materials | (20,700 pounds @ \)2.50 per pound) | \( 51,750 |
Direct labor | (2,060 hours @ \)12.40 per hour) | 25,544 |
Variable manufacturing overhead | (2,060 hours @ $11.60 per hour) | 23,896 |
Fixed manufacturing overhead | 36,540 |
Compute the cost and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor.
8. For manufacturing overhead, compute the variable overhead cost and efficiency variances and the fixed overhead cost and volume variances.
9. Prepare the standard cost income statement for 2019.
10. Calculate Trolley’s ROI for 2019. To calculate average total assets, use the December 31, 2018, balance sheet for the beginning balance and the budgeted balance sheet for December 31, 2019, for the ending balance. Round all of your answers to four decimal places.
11. Calculate Trolley’s profit margin ratio for 2019. Interpret your results.
12. Calculate Trolley’s asset turnover ratio for 2019. Interpret your results.
13. Use the expanded ROI formula to confirm your results from Requirement 10. Interpret your results.
14. Trolley’s management has specified a 30% target rate of return. Calculate Trolley’s RI for 2019. Interpret your results.
Decentralization divides company operations into various reporting units. Most decentralized subunits can be described as one of four different types of responsibility centers.
Requirements
1. Explain why companies decentralize. Describe some typical methods of decentralization.
2. List the four most common types of responsibility centers, and describe their responsibilities.
Explain the difference between a lag indicator and a lead indicator.
What is a transfer price?
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