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Chapter 6: Q2Q (page 301)

Question:Identify three situations in which accounting measures are based on present values. Do these present value applications involve single sums or annuities, or both single sums and annuities? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The situation in which present value measures are used in accounting includes:

Notes receivables and payable

Leases

Pensions and another deferred compensation arrangement

These involve the single sum transaction.

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step SolutionStep 1 Various situations which are based on the present value

There are various situations in which accounting measures are based on present values.

Notes Receivables and Payables: It includes present value annuities, when there are periodic interest payments are involved.

Leases: It involves the measurement of assets and obligations which are usually based on the present value of annuities.

Pensions and another deferred compensation arrangement: It involves the discounted future annuity payments that are paid to the employees on their retirement.

02

Step 2Single sum transactions

The notes receivables and payables involve single sums and leases also involve single sums.

Single sums refer to that single amount of money that either exists now or will exist in the future.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Nerwin, Inc. is a furniture manufacturing company with 50 employees. Recently, after a long negotiation with the local labor union, the company decided to initiate a pension plan as a part of its compensation plan. The plan will start on January 1, 2017. Each employee covered by the plan is entitled to a pension payment each year after retirement. As required by accounting standards, the controller of the company needs to report the pension obligation (liability). On the basis of a discussion with the supervisor of the Personnel Department and an actuary from an insurance company, the controller develops the following information related to the pension plan. Average length of time to retirement 15 years Expected life duration after retirement 10 years Total pension payment expected each year after retirement for all employees. Payment made at the end of the year. $700,000 per year The interest rate to be used is 8%.

Instructions On the basis of the information above, determine the present value of the pension obligation (liability).

Consider the loan in BE6-16. What payments must Zach Taylor make to settle the loan at the same interest rate but with the 6 payments beginning on the day the loan is signed?

The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G)

The financial statements of P&G are presented in Appendix B. The company’s complete annual report, including the notes to the financial statements, is available online.

Instructions (a) Examining each item in P&G’s balance sheet, identify those items that require present value, discounting, or interest computations in establishing the amount reported. (The accompanying notes are an additional source for this information.)

(b) (1) What interest rates are disclosed by P&G as being used to compute interest and present values?

(2) Why are there so many different interest rates applied to P&G’s financial statement elements (assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses)?

During the past year, Stacy McGill planted a new vineyard on 150 acres of land that she leases for \(30,000 a year. She has asked you, as her accountant, to assist her in determining the value of her vineyard operation.

The vineyard will bear no grapes for the first 5 years (1–5). In the next 5 years (6–10), Stacy estimates that the vines will bear grapes that can be sold for \)60,000 each year. For the next 20 years (11–30), she expects the harvest will provide annual revenues of \(110,000. But during the last 10 years (31–40) of the vineyard’s life, she estimates that revenues will decline to \)80,000 per year.

During the first 5 years, the annual cost of pruning, fertilizing, and caring for the vineyard is estimated at \(9,000; during the years of production, 6–40, these costs will rise to \)12,000 per year. The relevant market rate of interest for the entire period is 6%. Assume that all receipts and payments are made at the end of each year.

Instructions Dick Button has offered to buy Stacy’s vineyard business by assuming the 40-year lease. On the basis of the current value of the business, what is the minimum price Stacy should accept?

Dunn Inc. owns and operates a number of hardware stores in the New England region. Recently, the company has decided to locate another store in a rapidly growing area of Maryland. The company is trying to decide whether to purchase or lease the building and related facilities.

Purchase: The company can purchase the site, construct the building, and purchase all store fi xtures. The cost would be \(1,850,000. An immediate down payment of \)400,000 is required, and the remaining \(1,450,000 would be paid off over 5 years at \)350,000 per year (including interest payments made at end of year). The property is expected to have a useful life of 12 years, and then it will be sold for \(500,000. As the owner of the property, the company will have the following outof-pocket expenses each period.

Property taxes (to be paid at the end of each year) \)40,000

Insurance (to be paid at the beginning of each year) 27,000

Other (primarily maintenance which occurs at the end of each year) 16,000

\(83,000

Lease: First National Bank has agreed to purchase the site, construct the building, and install the appropriate fi xtures for Dunn Inc. if Dunn will lease the completed facility for 12 years. The annual costs for the lease would be \)270,000. Dunn would have no responsibility related to the facility over the 12 years. The terms of the lease are that Dunn would be required to make 12 annual payments (the fi rst payment to be made at the time the store opens and then each following year). In addition, a deposit of $100,000 is required when the store is opened. This deposit will be returned at the end of the twelfth year, assuming no unusual damage to the building structure or fixtures.

Instructions Which of the two approaches should Dunn Inc. follow? (Currently, the cost of funds for Dunn Inc. is 10%.)
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