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Chapter 22: 1CE (page 1325)

Access the glossary (“Master Glossary”) to answer the following.

(a) What is a change in accounting estimate?

(b) What is a change in accounting principle?

(c) What is a restatement?

(d) What is the definition of “retrospective application”?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The required definition of the terms are provided in the step 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Step by step solution

01

Change in accounting estimate

The change in accounting estimate refers to the change that has the effect of adjusting the carrying amount of an existing asset or liability or changing the subsequent accounting for the existing or future assets or liabilities. Change in accounting estimate results from the new formation.

02

Change in accounting principle

The change from one generally accepted accounting principle to another generally accepted accounting principle, in the case, when two or more GAAP can be applied to the situation or when the formerly used principle is no longer generally accepted. The change in the method is also considered as the change in accounting principle.

03

Restatement

The process of revising the previously issued and prepared financial statements of the business to show the change or the correction of an error in those financial statements.

04

Retrospective Application

When the accounting principle is applied to two or more previously issued financial statements as if the principle had always been used is known as the retrospective application.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Indicate how the following items are recorded in the accounting records in the current year of Coronet Co. (a) Impairment of goodwill. (b) A change in depreciating plant assets from accelerated to the straight-line method. (c) Large write-off of inventories because of obsolescence. (d) Change from the cash basis to accrual basis of accounting. (e) Change from LIFO to FIFO method for inventory valuation purposes. (f) Change in the estimate of service lives for plant assets

Which of the following is true regarding whether IFRS specifically addresses the accounting and reporting for effects of changes in accounting policies?

Direct effects Indirect effects

(a) Yes Yes

(b) No No

(c) No Yes

(d) Yes No

Distinguish between counterbalancing and noncounterbalancing errors. Give an example of each.

The following are three independent, unrelated sets of facts relating to accounting changes.

Situation 1: Sanford Company is in the process of having its first audit. The company has used the cash basis of accounting for revenue recognition. Sanford president, B. J. Jimenez, is willing to change to the accrual method of revenue recognition.

Situation 2: Hopkins Co. decides in January 2018 to change from FIFO to weighted-average pricing for its inventories.

Situation 3: Marshall Co. determined that the depreciable lives of its fixed assets are too long at present to fairly match the cost of the fixed assets with the revenue produced. The company decided at the beginning of the current year to reduce the depreciable lives of all of its existing fixed assets by 5 years.

Instructions

For each of the situations described, provide the information indicated below.

(a) Type of accounting change.

(b) Manner of reporting the change under current generally accepted accounting principles, including a discussion where applicable of how amounts are computed.

(c) Effect of the change on the balance sheet and income statement

Penn Company is in the process of adjusting and correcting its books at the end of 2017. In reviewing its records, the following information is compiled.

1. Penn has failed to accrue sales commissions payable at the end of each of the last 2 years, as follows. December 31, 2016 \(3,500 December 31, 2017 \)2,500

2. In reviewing the December 31, 2017, inventory, Penn discovered errors in its inventory-taking procedures that have caused inventories for the last 3 years to be incorrect, as follows. December 31, 2015 Understated \(16,000 December 31, 2016 Understated \)19,000 December 31, 2017 Overstated \( 6,700 Penn has already made an entry that established the incorrect December 31, 2017, inventory amount.

3. At December 31, 2017, Penn decided to change the depreciation method on its office equipment from double-decliningbalance to straight-line. The equipment had an original cost of \)100,000 when purchased on January 1, 2015. It has a 10- year useful life and no salvage value. Depreciation expense recorded prior to 2017 under the double-declining-balance method was \(36,000. Penn has already recorded 2017 depreciation expense of \)12,800 using the double-declining-balance method. 4. Before 2017, Penn accounted for its income from long-term construction contracts on the completed-contract basis. Early in 2017, Penn changed to the percentage-of-completion basis for accounting purposes. It continues to use the completedcontract method for tax purposes. Income for 2017 has been recorded using the percentage-of-completion method. The following information is available.

Pretax Income

Percentage-of-Completion Completed-Contract

Prior to 2017 \(150,000 \)105,000

2017 60,000 20,000

Instructions

Prepare the journal entries necessary at December 31, 2017, to record the above corrections and changes. The books are still open for 2017. The income tax rate is 40%. Penn has not yet recorded its 2017 income tax expense and payable amounts so current-year tax effects may be ignored. Prior-year tax effects must be considered in item 4.
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