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Chapter 19: 18Q (page 1093)
What controversy relates to the accounting for net operating loss carryforwards?
Accounting involves reporting each business activity to its relevant accountso that the organization can manage its funds effectively.It is thefirst function of the accounting department.
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Question: Access the glossary (“Master Glossary”) to answer the following.
(a) What is a deferred tax asset?
(b) What is taxable income?
(c) What is the definition of valuation allowance?
(d) What is a deferred tax liability?
The asset-liability approach for recording deferred income taxes is an integral part of generally accepted accounting principles.
Instructions (a) Indicate whether each of the following independent situations should be treated as a temporary difference or as a permanent difference, and explain why. (1) Estimated warranty costs (covering a 3-year warranty) are expensed for financial reporting purposes at the time of sale but deducted for income tax purposes when paid. (2) Depreciation for book and income tax purposes differs because of different bases of carrying the related property, which was acquired in a trade-in. The different bases are a result of different rules used for book and tax purposes to compute the basis of property acquired in a trade-in. (3) A company properly uses the equity method to account for its 30% investment in another company. The investee pays dividends that are about 10% of its annual earnings. (4) A company reports a gain on an involuntary conversion of a nonmonetary asset to a monetary asset. The company elects to replace the property within the statutory period using the total proceeds so the gain is not reported on the current year’s tax return.
SpamelaHamderson Inc. reports the following pretax income (loss) for both financial reporting purposes and tax purposes. (Assume the carryback provision is used for a net operating loss.) Income (Loss) Tax Rate 2009 \( 29,000 30% 2010 40,000 30 2011 17,000 35 2012 48,000 50 2013 (150,000) 40 2014 90,000 40 2015 30,000 40 2016 105,000 40 2017 (60,000) 45 Year Pretax Income (Loss) Tax Rate 2015 \)120,000 34% 2016 90,000 34 2017 (280,000) 38 2018 220,000 38 The tax rates listed were all enacted by the beginning of 2015. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries for the years 2015–2018 to record income tax expense (benefit) and income taxes payable (refundable) and the tax effects of the loss carryback and carryforward, assuming that at the end of 2017 the benefits of the loss carryforward are judged more likely than not to be realized in the future. (b) Using the assumption in (a), prepare the income tax section of the 2017 income statement beginning with the line “Operating loss before income taxes.” (c) Prepare the journal entries for 2017 and 2018, assuming that based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that one-fourth of the benefits of the loss carryforward will not be realized. (d) Using the assumption in (c), prepare the income tax section of the 2017 income statement beginning with the line “Operating loss before income taxes.”
Conlin Corporation had the following tax information. Year Taxable Income Tax Rate Taxes Paid 2015 \(300,000 35% \)105,000 2016 325,000 30 97,500 2017 400,000 30 120,000 In 2018, Conlin suffered a net operating loss of $480,000, which it elected to carry back. The 2018 enacted tax rate is 29%. Prepare Conlin’s entry to record the effect of the loss carryback.
The asset-liability approach for recording deferred income taxes is an integral part of generally accepted accounting principles. (b) Discuss the nature of the deferred income tax accounts and the manner in which these accounts are to be reported on the balance sheet.
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