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Chapter 19: Q12Q (page 1093)

Question: Interest on municipal bonds is referred to as a permanent difference when determining the proper amount to report for deferred taxes. Explain the meaning of permanent differences, and give two other examples.

Short Answer

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Answer

The permanent difference arises when the unevenness between taxable and accounting income will never reverse. Example: fine, penalties, Tax-exempt interest, etc.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1:Meaning of Bonds

Bonds are the security issued by the company to raise funds. It contains a fixed rate of interest payable by the company to the bondholders.

02

Permanent difference

Permanent difference means the difference between the taxable income and the accounting income which can not be reversed in future. Hence, it does not results in deferred tax asset or liability.

03

The two examples of the permanent difference

  1. Items recognized for accounting purpose but not for income tax purposes

Example: Interest income on municipal bonds, fines, and penalties

  1. Items are recognized for tax purposes but not for accounting purposes.

Example: Dividend exclusion, statutory depletion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

At the end of the year, Falabella Co. has pretax financial income of \(550,000. Included in the \)550,000 is \(70,000 interest income on municipal bonds, \)25,000 fine for dumping hazardous waste, and depreciation of \(60,000. Depreciation for tax purposes is \)45,000. Compute income taxes payable, assuming the tax rate is 30% for all periods.

Pretax financial income for Lake Inc. is \(300,000, and its taxable income is \)100,000 for 2018. Its only temporary difference at the end of the period relates to a $70,000 difference due to excess depreciation for tax purposes. If the tax rate is 40% for all periods, compute the amount of income tax expense to report in 2018. No deferred income taxes existed at the beginning of the year.

The pretax financial income of Truttman Company differs from its taxable income throughout each of 4 years as follows. Pretax Taxable Year Financial Income Income Tax Rate 2017 \(290,000 \)180,000 35% 2018 320,000 225,000 40 2019 350,000 260,000 40 2020 420,000 560,000 40

Pretax financial income for each year includes a nondeductible expense of $30,000 (never deductible for tax purposes). The remainder of the difference between pretax financial income and taxable income in each period is due to one depreciation temporary difference. No deferred income taxes existed at the beginning of 2017. Instructions (a) Prepare journal entries to record income taxes in all 4 years. Assume that the change in the tax rate to 40% was not enacted until the beginning of 2018. (b) Prepare the income statement for 2018, beginning with Income before income taxes.

Andy McDowell Co. establishes a \(100 million liability at the end of 2017 for the estimated site-cleanup costs at two of its manufacturing facilities. All related closing costs will be paid and deducted on the tax return in 2018. Also, at the end of 2017, the company has \)50 million of temporary differences due to excess depreciation for tax purposes, \(7 million of which will reverse in 2018. The enacted tax rate for all years is 40%, and the company pays taxes of \)64 million on \(160 million of taxable income in 2017. McDowell expects to have taxable income in 2018. Instructions (a) Determine the deferred taxes to be reported at the end of 2017. (b) Indicate how the deferred taxes computed in (a) are to be reported on the balance sheet. (c) Assuming that the only deferred tax account at the beginning of 2017 was a deferred tax liability of \)10,000,000, draft the income tax expense portion of the income statement for 2017, beginning with the line “Income before income taxes.” (Hint: You must first compute (1) the amount of temporary difference underlying the beginning $10,000,000 deferred tax liability, then (2) the amount of temporary differences originating or reversing during the year, and then (3) the amount of pretax financial income.)

Beilman Inc. reports the following pretax income (loss) for both book and tax purposes. (Assume the carryback provision is used where possible for a net operating loss.) Year Pretax Income (Loss) Tax Rate 2015 $120,000 40% 2016 90,000 40 2017 (280,000) 45 2018 120,000 45 The tax rates listed were all enacted by the beginning of 2015.Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries for years 2015–2018 to record income tax expense (benefit) and income taxes payable (refundable), and the tax effects of the loss carryback and loss carryforward, assuming that based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that one-half of the benefits of the loss carryforward will not be realized. (b) Prepare the income tax section of the 2017 income statement beginning with the line “Operating loss before income taxes.” (c) Prepare the income tax section of the 2018 income statement beginning with the line “Income before income taxes.”
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