(Explain Future Taxable and Deductible Amounts, How Carryback and Carryforward Affects Deferred Taxes) Maria Rodriquez and Lynette Kingston are discussing accounting for income taxes. They are currently studying a schedule of taxable and deductible amounts that will arise in the future as a result of existing temporary differences. The schedule is as follows.

Future Years

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Taxable income

\(850,000

Taxable amounts

\)375,000

\(375,000

\)375,000

$375,000

Deductible amounts

(2,400,000)

Enacted tax rate

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

Instructions

  1. Explain the concept of future taxable amounts and future deductible amounts as illustrated in the schedule.
  2. How do the carryback and carryforward provisions affect the reporting of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities?

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. Future taxable amounts increase and lead to the recording of future tax liabilities.
  2. The company can use the net operating loss to offset future taxable gains for up to 20 years.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Income Tax

Income tax is the tax levied on the earnings of the citizens of the country in direct proportion.

02

(a) Explaining the concept of future taxable amounts and future deductible amounts

The future taxable amount grows in subsequent years, resulting in the recording of deferred tax liability. On the other hand, future deductible amounts reduce coming years' taxable income, resulting in a deferred tax asset recording.

For deferred tax implications owing to future taxable amounts anticipated, a deferred tax obligation should be recorded, and for future deductible amounts scheduled, a deferred tax asset should be recorded.

03

(b) Explaining the carryback and carry-forward provisions that affect the reporting of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

A company's deferred tax assets and liabilities will differ based on its carryback and carry-forward provisions.

The appropriate legislated tax rate is applied to future taxable and deductible items attributable to transitory differences existing at the statement of financial position date for computing deferred tax account balances to be reported at an idea of financial position date. To establish the appropriate tax rate, it must make assumptionsthat the entity will report taxable income or losses in the different future years affected by the current temporary variances.

As a result, due to existing temporal disparities, you compute the taxes payable or refundable in the future. You use the provisions of the tax legislation and the enacted tax rates for the relevant periods when performing these computations.Using a net operating loss to offset future taxable gains is allowed up to 20 years in the future.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Jennings Inc. reported the following pretax income (loss) and related tax rates during the years 2013–2019. Pretax Income (loss) Tax Rate 2013 $ 40,000 30% 2014 25,000 30% 2015 50,000 30% 2016 80,000 40% 2017 (180,000) 45% 2018 70,000 40% 2019 100,000 35% Pretax financial income (loss) and taxable income (loss) were the same for all years since Jennings began business. The tax rates from 2016–2019 were enacted in 2016.

Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries for the years 2017–2019 to record income taxes payable (refundable), income tax expense (benefit), and the tax effects of the loss carryback and carryforward. Assume that Jennings elects the carryback provision where possible and expects to realize the benefits of any loss carryforward in the year that immediately follows the loss year. (b) Indicate the effect the 2017 entry(ies) has on the December 31, 2017, balance sheet. (c) Prepare the portion of the income statement starting with “Operating loss before income taxes,” for 2017. (d) Prepare the portion of the income statement starting with “Income before income taxes” for 2018.

Teri Hatcher Inc., in its first year of operations, has the following differences between the book basis and tax basis of its assets and liabilities at the end of 2016. Book Basis Tax Basis Equipment (net) \(400,000 \)340,000 Estimated warranty liability \(200,000 \) –0– It is estimated that the warranty liability will be settled in 2017. The difference in equipment (net) will result in taxable amounts of \(20,000 in 2017, \)30,000 in 2018, and \(10,000 in 2019. The company has taxable income of \)520,000 in 2016. As of the beginning of 2016, the enacted tax rate is 34% for 2016–2018, and 30% for 2019. Hatcher expects to report taxable income through 2019.Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2016. (b) Indicate how deferred income taxes will be reported on the balance sheet at the end of 2016.

Jennifer Capriati Corp. has a deferred tax asset account with a balance of \(150,000 at the end of 2016 due to a single cumulative temporary difference of \)375,000. At the end of 2017, this same temporary difference has increased to a cumulative amount of \(450,000. Taxable income for 2017 is \)820,000. The tax rate is 40% for all years. No valuation account related to the deferred tax asset is in existence at the end of 2016. Instructions (a) Record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2017, assuming that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized. (b) Assuming that it is more likely than not that $30,000 of the deferred tax asset will not be realized, prepare the journal entry at the end of 2017 to record the valuation account.

SpamelaHamderson Inc. reports the following pretax income (loss) for both financial reporting purposes and tax purposes. (Assume the carryback provision is used for a net operating loss.) Income (Loss) Tax Rate 2009 \( 29,000 30% 2010 40,000 30 2011 17,000 35 2012 48,000 50 2013 (150,000) 40 2014 90,000 40 2015 30,000 40 2016 105,000 40 2017 (60,000) 45 Year Pretax Income (Loss) Tax Rate 2015 \)120,000 34% 2016 90,000 34 2017 (280,000) 38 2018 220,000 38 The tax rates listed were all enacted by the beginning of 2015. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries for the years 2015–2018 to record income tax expense (benefit) and income taxes payable (refundable) and the tax effects of the loss carryback and carryforward, assuming that at the end of 2017 the benefits of the loss carryforward are judged more likely than not to be realized in the future. (b) Using the assumption in (a), prepare the income tax section of the 2017 income statement beginning with the line “Operating loss before income taxes.” (c) Prepare the journal entries for 2017 and 2018, assuming that based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that one-fourth of the benefits of the loss carryforward will not be realized. (d) Using the assumption in (c), prepare the income tax section of the 2017 income statement beginning with the line “Operating loss before income taxes.”

Under IFRS: (a) “probable” is defined as a level of likelihood of at least slightly more than 60%. (b) a company should reduce a deferred tax asset when it is likely that some or all of it will not be realized by using a valuation allowance. (c) a company considers only positive evidence when determining whether to recognize a deferred tax asset. (d) deferred tax assets must be evaluated at the end of each accounting period.

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