Of what merit is the contention that the allowance method lacks the objectivity of the direct write-off method? Discuss in terms of accounting’s measurement function.

Short Answer

Expert verified

In comparison to the allowance method, the direct write-off method proves to be more objectivebut it is also not fully objective.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Fair Representation

Fair representation can be defined as the representation of the financial information of the business entity that does not contain any material misstatement.

02

Merits of direct write-off method

Under the allowance method of reporting bad debts, the business entity estimates the number of uncollectible assets or accounts receivables based on previous experience. While under the direct write-off method, the bad debts are recognized at the time when they are uncollectible, which provides more accurate financial information. Therefore, the direct write-off method proves to be more objective than the allowance method.

Although the direct write-off method provides more accurate information that assists fair representation, but it is also not fully objective because this method also requires judgment regarding the time when a specific account receivable has become uncollectible.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

From inception of operations to December 31, 2017, Fortner Corporation provided for uncollectible accounts receivable under the allowance method. The provisions are recorded, based on analyses of customers with different risk characteristics. Bad debts written off were charged to the allowance account; recoveries of bad debts previously written off were credited to the allowance account, and no year-end adjustments to the allowance account were made. Fortner’s usual credit terms are net 30 days.

The balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts was \(130,000 at January 1, 2017. During 2017, credit sales totalled \)9,000,000, the provision for doubtful accounts was determined to be \(180,000, \)90,000 of bad debts were written off, and recoveries of accounts previously written off amounted to \(15,000. Fortner installed a computer system in November 2017, and aging of accounts receivable was prepared for the first time as of December 31, 2017. A summary of the aging is as follows.

Classification by month of sale

Balance in each category

Estimated % uncollectible

November-December 2017

\)1,080,000

2%

July-October

650,000

10%

January-June

420,000

25%

Prior to 1/1/17

150,000

80%

\(2,300,000

Based on the review of collectibility of the account balances in the “prior to 1/1/17” aging category, additional receivables totaling \)60,000 were written off as of December 31, 2017. The 80% uncollectible estimate applies to the remaining \(90,000 in the category. Effective with the year ended December 31, 2017, Fortner adopted a different method for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts at the amount indicated by the year-end aging analysis of accounts receivable.

Instructions

(a) Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for the year ended December 31, 2017. Show supporting computations in good form. (Hint: In computing the 12/31/17 allowance, subtract the \)60,000 write-off.)

(b) Prepare the journal entry for the year-end adjustment to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance as of December 31, 2017.

Dold Acrobats lent \(16,529 to Donaldson, Inc., accepting Donaldson’s 2-year, \)20,000, zero-interest-bearing note. The implied interest rate is 10%. Prepare Dold’s journal entries for the initial transaction, recognition of interest each year, and the collection of $20,000 at maturity.

Kimmel Company uses the net method of accounting for sales discounts. Kimmel also offers trade discounts to various groups of buyers.

On August 1, 2017, Kimmel sold some accounts receivable on a without recourse basis. Kimmel incurred a finance charge.

Kimmel also has some notes receivable bearing an appropriate rate of interest. The principal and total interest are due at maturity. The notes were received on October 1, 2017, and mature on September 30, 2019. Kimmel’s operating cycle is less than one year.

Instructions

(a) (1) Using the net method, how should Kimmel account for the sales discounts at the date of sale? What is the rationale for the amount recorded as sales under the net method?

(2) Using the net method, what is the effect on Kimmel’s sales revenues and net income when customers do not take the sales discounts?

(b) What is the effect of trade discounts on sales revenues and accounts receivable? Why?

(c) How should Kimmel account for the accounts receivable factor on August 1, 2017? Why?

(d) How should Kimmel account for the note receivable and the related interest on December 31, 2017? Why?

(Petty Cash, Bank Reconciliation) Bill Jovi is reviewing the cash accounting for Nottleman, Inc., a local mailing service. Jovi’s review will focus on the petty cash account and the bank reconciliation for the month ended May 31, 2017. He has collected the following information from Nottleman’s bookkeeper for this task.

Petty Cash

1. The petty cash fund was established on May 10, 2017, in the amount of \(250.

2. Expenditures from the fund by the custodian as of May 31, 2017, were evidenced by approved receipts for the following.

Postage expenses

\)33.00

Mailing Labels and Other Supplies

65.00

I.O.U from employees

30.00

Shipping charges

57.45

Newspaper advertising

22.80

Miscellaneous expenses

15.35

On May 31, 2017, the petty cash fund was replenished and increased to \(300; currency and coin in the fund at that time totaled \)26.40.

Bank Reconciliation

THIRD NATIONAL BANK

BANK STATEMENT

Disbursements

Receipts

Balance

Balance 1 May, 2017

\(8,769

Deposits

\)28,000

Note payment direct from customer (\(30)

930

Check clearing during May

\)31,150

Bank service charges

27

Balance 31 May, 2017

6,522

Nottleman’s Cash Account

Balance 1 May 2017

\(8,850

Deposit during May 2017

31,000

Checks written during May 2017

(31,835)

Deposits in transit are determined to be \)3,000, and checks outstanding at May 31 total \(850. Cash on hand (besides petty cash) at May 31, 2017, is \)246.

Instructions

(a) Prepare the journal entries to record the transactions related to the petty cash fund for May.

(b) Prepare a bank reconciliation dated May 31, 2017, proceeding to a correct cash balance, and prepare the journal entries necessary to make the books correct and complete.

(c) What amount of cash should be reported in the May 31, 2017, balance sheet?

Finman Company designated Jill Holland as petty cash custodian and established a petty cash fund of \(200. The fund is reimbursed when the cash in the fund is at \)15, which it is. Petty cash receipts indicate funds were disbursed for office supplies \(94 and miscellaneous expense \)87. Prepare journal entries for the establishment of the fund and the reimbursement.

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