Braxton Inc. is considering the write-off of a limited-life intangible because of its lack of profitability. Explain to the management of Braxton how to determine whether a write-off is permitted.

Short Answer

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As a matter of accounting policy, if events or circumstances indicate that the business entity cannot recover an asset's carrying value, that particular asset's carrying value needs to be reassessed.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Intangible Asset

Intangible assets are assets that do not have a physical form. Organizations that have spent significant money to establish brands may find that the value of their intangible assets much outweighs the worth of their physical assets. Many physical resources, such as buildings, land, and machinery, are frequently present in an organization.

02

Explaining to the management of Braxton how to determine whether a write-off is permitted

Events or changes in circumstances suggest that if the business entity cannot recover the carrying amount of such assets results in accounting principles requiring that the carrying amount of such assets be evaluated.

Typically, the assessment or review takes the form of a recoverability test, where the carrying amount is compared with the sum of expected future cash flows from the asset.

An asset is impaired when its cash flow is less than its carrying value. An impairment loss occurs when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its fair value. If there is a market for the asset, the price will define its fair worth. If no market price is known, a present value can be calculated using the asset's estimated future net cash flows.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Intangibles have either a limited useful life or an indefinite useful life. How should these two different types of intangibles be amortized?

Merck and Johnson & Johnson

Question: Merck & Co., Inc. and Johnson & Johnson are two leading producers of healthcare products. Each has considerable assets, and each expends considerable funds each year toward the development of new products. The development of a new healthcare product is often very expensive, and risky. New products frequently must undergo considerable testing before approval for distribution to the public. For example, it took Johnson & Johnson 4 years and \(200 million to develop its 1-DAY ACUVUE contact lenses. Below are some basic data compiled from the financial statements of these two companies.

(all dollars in millions)

Johnson & Johnson

Merck

Total assets

\)53,317

\(42,573

Total revenue

47,348

22,939

Net income

8,509

5,813

Research and development expense

5,203

4,010

Intangible assets

11,842

2,765

Instructions

  1. What kinds of intangible assets might a healthcare products company have? Does the composition of these intangibles matter to investors—that is, would it be perceived differently if all of Merck’s intangibles were goodwill than if all of its intangibles were patents?
  2. Suppose the president of Merck has come to you for advice. He has noted that by eliminating research and development expenditures the company could have reported \)4 billion more in net income. He is frustrated because much of the research never results in a product, or the products take years to develop. He says shareholders are eager for higher returns, so he is considering eliminating research and development expenditures for at least a couple of years. What would you advise?
  3. The notes to Merck’s financial statements note that Merck has goodwill of $1.1 billion. Where does recorded goodwill come from? Is it necessarily a good thing to have a lot of goodwill on a company’s books?

Research and development activities may include (a) personnel costs, (b) materials and equipment costs, and (c) indirect costs. What is the recommended accounting treatment for these three types of R&D costs?

Hiram Co. uses the equity method to account for investments in common stock. What accounting should be made for dividends received from these investments subsequent to the date of investment?

Margaret Avery Company from time to time embarks on a research program when a special project seems to offer possibilities. In 2015, the company expends \(325,000 on a research project, but by the end of 2015, it is impossible to determine whether any benefit will be derived from it.

  1. What account should be charged for the \)325,000, and how should it be shown in the financial statements?
  2. The project is completed in 2016, and a successful patent is obtained. The R&D costs to complete the project are \(130,000 (\)36,000 of these costs were incurred after achieving economic viability). The administrative and legal expenses incurred in obtaining patent number 472-1001-84 in 2016 total \(24,000. The patent has an expected useful life of 5 years. Record these costs in the journal entry form. Also, record patent amortization (full year) in 2016.
  3. In 2017, the company successfully defends the patent in extended litigation at a cost of \)47,200, thereby extending the patent life to December 31, 2024. What is the proper way to account for this cost? Also, record patent amortization (full year) in 2017.
  4. Additional engineering and consulting costs incurred in 2017 required to advance the design of a new version of the product to the manufacturing stage total $60,000. These costs enhance the design of the product considerably, but it is highly uncertain if there will be a market for the new version of the product. Discuss the proper accounting treatment for this cost.
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