Find the polynomials q(x)andr(x)such that f(x)=g(x)q(x)+r(x),andr(x)ordegr(x)<degg(x):

(a)f(x)=3x4-2x3+6x2-x+2andg(x)=x2+x+1in[x].(b)f(x)=x4-7x+1andg(x)=2x2+1in[x].(c)f(x)=2x4+x2-x+1andg(x)=2x-1in5[x].(d)f(x)=4x4+2x3+6x2+4x+5andg(x)=3x2+2in7[x].

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer:The required polynomials are:

(a)qx=3x2-5x+8andrx=-4x-6inx.(b)qx=12x2-14andrx=-7x+54inx.(c)qx=x3+12x2+34x-18andrx=78in5x.(d)qx=43x2+23x+109andrx=83x+259in7x.

Step by step solution

01

Polynomial Arithmetic:

If any given function Rxis a ring, then the commutative, associative, and distributive laws hold such that the function fx+gxexists.

02

Polynomials Division: (a)

The given polynomials are:

fx=3x4-2x3+6x2-x+2gx=x2+x+1

Now, dividing the polynomials as:

3x4-2x3+6x2-x+2x2+x+1=3x2-5x+8withremainder-4x-6

From this, we get:

qx=3x2-5x+8andrx=-4x-6inx

Hence, these are the required polynomials.

03

Polynomials Division: (b)

The given polynomials are:

fx=x4-7x+1gx=2x2+1

Now, dividing the polynomials as:

x4-7x+22x2+1=12x2-14withremainder-7x+54

From this, we get:

qx=12x2-14andrx=-7x+54inx

Hence, these are the required polynomials.

04

Polynomials Division: (c)

The given polynomials are:

fx=2x4+x2-x+1gx=2x-1Now,dividingthepolynomialsas:2x4+x2-x+12x-1=x3+12x2+34-18withremainder78

From this, we get:

q(x)=x3+12x2+34x-18andrx=78in5x

Hence, these are the required polynomials.

05

Polynomials Division: (d)

The given polynomials are:

fx=4x4+2x3+6x2+4x+5g(x)=3x2+2Now,dividingthepolynomialsas:4x4+2x3+6x2+4x+53x2+2=43x2+23x+109withremainder83x+259Fromthis,weget:qx=43x2+23x+109andr(x)=83x+259in7xHence,thesearetherequiredpolynomials.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

On January 1, Martinez Inc. issued \(3,000,000, 11% bonds for \)3,195,000. The market rate of interest for these bonds is 10%. Interest is payable annually on December 31. Martinez uses the effective-interest method of amortizing bond premium. At the end of the first year, Martinez should report bonds payable of:

(a) \(3,185,130. (c) \)3,173,550.

(b) \(3,184,500. (d) \)3,165,000.

Part I: The appropriate method of amortizing a premium or discount on issuance of bonds is the effective-interest method.

Instructions

  1. What is the effective-interest method of amortization and how is it different from and similar to the straight-line method of amortization?
  2. How is amortization computed using the effective-interest method, and why and how do amounts obtained using the effective-interest method differ from amounts computed under the straight-line method?

Part II: Gains or losses from the early extinguishment of debt that is refunded can theoretically be accounted for in three ways:

  1. Amortized over remaining life of old debt.
  2. Amortized over the life of the new debt issue.
  3. Recognized in the period of extinguishment

Instructions

  1. Develop supporting arguments for each of the three theoretical methods of accounting for gains and losses from the early extinguishment of debt.
  2. Which of the methods above is generally accepted and how should the appropriate amount of gain or loss be shown in a company’s financial statements?

Distinguish between the following interest rates for bonds payable:

(a)Yield rate

(b) Nominal Rate

(c) Stated rate

(d) Market rate

(e) Effective rate

(Amortization Schedule—Straight-Line) Devon Harris Company sells 10% bonds having a maturity value of \(2,000,000 for \)1,855,816. The bonds are dated January 1, 2017, and mature January 1, 2022. Interest is payable annually on January 1.

Instructions

Set up a schedule of interest expense and discount amortization under the straight-line method. (Round answers to the nearest cent.)

(Issuance and Redemption of Bonds) Venezuela Co. is building a new hockey arena at a cost of \(2,500,000. It received a downpayment of \)500,000 from local businesses to support the project, and now needs to borrow \(2,000,000 to complete the project. It therefore decides to issue \)2,000,000 of 10.5%, 10-year bonds. These bonds were issued on January 1, 2016, and pay interest annually on each January 1. The bonds yield 10%.

Instructions

(a) Prepare the journal entry to record the issuance of the bonds on January 1, 2016.

(b) Prepare a bond amortization schedule up to and including January 1, 2020, using the effective-interest method.

(c) Assume that on July 1, 2019, Venezuela Co. redeems half of the bonds at a cost of $1,065,000 plus accrued interest. Prepare the journal entry to record this redemption.

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