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Chapter 14: Question 16Q (page 752)

When is the stated interest rate of a debt instrument presumed to be fair?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The stated interest rate of a debt instrument is presumed to be fair except if:

  • The rate of interest is not stated.
  • The interest rate that is stated is not reasonable.
  • The face amount of the debt instrument is considerably different from the note’s current value.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Debt Instrument

A debt instrument refers to the financial instrument used by firms for obtaining capital. The users of the debt instrument can provide a loan to a firm with the agreement to repay it after the expiry of a certain period.

02

Conditions necessary for the stated interest rate of a debt instrument for presuming to be fair

If a bond is issued at par value and the risk is identical to the market risk, in this case, the stated interest rate on the bond should be similar to those being offered by the market. If it is identical, then the stated interest rate can be called as fair. However, in case the bond value is less than the par value and the risk involved is also high, then the bond should also provide a higher rate of interest and vice-versa.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Issuance and Redemption of Bonds; Income Statement Presentation) Holiday Company issued its 9%, 25-year mortgage bonds in the principal amount of \(3,000,000 on January 2, 2003, at a discount of \)150,000, which it proceeded to amortize by charges to expense over the life of the issue on a straight-line basis. The indenture securing the issue provided that the bonds could be called for redemption in total but not in part at any time before maturity at 104% of the principal amount, but it did not provide for any sinking fund.

On December 18, 2017, the company issued its 11%, 20-year debenture bonds in the principal amount of $4,000,000 at 102, and the proceeds were used to redeem the 9%, 25-year mortgage bonds on January 2, 2018. The indenture securing the new issue did not provide for any sinking fund or for redemption before maturity.

Instructions

(a) Prepare journal entries to record the issuance of the 11% bonds and the redemption of the 9% bonds.

(b) Indicate the income statement treatment of the gain or loss from redemption and the note disclosure required.

Matt Ryan Corporation is interested in building its own soda can manufacturing plant adjacent to its existing plant in Partyville, Kansas. The objective would be to ensure a steady supply of cans at a stable price and to minimize transportation costs. However, the company has been experiencing some financial problems and has been reluctant to borrow any additional cash to fund the project. The company is not concerned with the cash flow problems of making payments, but rather with the impact of adding additional long-term debt to its balance sheet.

The president of Ryan, Andy Newlin, approached the president of the Aluminum Can Company (ACC), its major supplier, to see if some agreement could be reached. ACC was anxious to work out an arrangement, since it seemed inevitable that Ryan would begin its own can production. The Aluminum Can Company could not afford to lose the account.

After some discussion, a two-part plan was worked out. First, ACC was to construct the plant on Ryan’s land adjacent to the existing plant. Second, Ryan would sign a 20-year purchase agreement. Under the purchase agreement, Ryan would express its intention to buy all of its cans from ACC, paying a unit price which at normal capacity would cover labor and material, an operating management fee, and the debt service requirements on the plant. The expected unit price, if transportation costs are taken into consideration, is lower than current market. If Ryan did not take enough production in any one year and if the excess cans could not be sold at a high enough price on the open market, Ryan agrees to make up any cash shortfall so that ACC could make the payments on its debt. The bank will be willing to make a 20-year loan for the plant, taking the plant and the purchase agreement as collateral. At the end of 20 years, the plant is to become the property of Ryan.

Instructions

  1. What are project financing arrangements using special-purpose entities?
  2. What are take-or-pay contracts?
  3. Should Ryan record the plant as an asset together with the related obligation?
  4. If not, should Ryan record an asset relating to the future commitment?
  5. What is meant by off-balance-sheet financing?

Question: Will the amortization of Discount on Bonds Payable increase or decrease Bond Interest Expense? Explain.

Vargo Corp. owes \(270,000 to First Trust. The debt is a 10-year, 12% note due December 31, 2017. Because Vargo Corp. is in financial trouble, First Trust agrees to extend the maturity date to December 31, 2019, reduce the principal to \)220,000, and reduce the interest rate to 5%, payable annually on December 31.

Instructions

  1. Prepare the journal entries on Vargo’s books on December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019.
  2. Prepare the journal entries on First Trust’s books on December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019.

Question: Wie Company has been operating for just 2 years, producing specialty golf equipment for women golfers. To date, the company has been able to finance its successful operations with investments from its principal owner, Michelle Wie, and cash flows from operations. However, current expansion plans will require some borrowing to expand the company’s production line

As part of the expansion plan, Wie will acquire some used equipment by signing a zero-interest-bearing note. The note has a maturity value of $50,000 and matures in 5 years. A reliable fair value measure for the equipment is not available, given the age and specialty nature of the equipment. As a result, Wie’s accounting staff is unable to determine an established exchange price for recording the equipment (nor the interest rate to be used to record interest expense on the long-term note). They have asked you to conduct some accounting research on this topic.

Instructions

If your school has a subscription to the FASB Codification, go to http://aaahq.org/ascLogin.cfm to log in and prepare responses to the following. Provide Codification references for your responses.

  1. Identify the authoritative literature that provides guidance on the zero-interest-bearing note. Use some of the examples to explain how the standard applies in this setting.
  2. How is present value determined when an established exchange price is not determinable and a note has no ready market? What is the resulting interest rate often called?
  3. Where should a discount or premium appear in the financial statements?
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