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Chapter 15: Problem 1

I ist six general ways in which enzyme activity is controlled.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The six general ways in which enzyme activity is controlled include: 1) enzyme concentration, 2) substrate concentration, 3) temperature, 4) pH, 5) presence of inhibitors, and 6) co-enzymes/co-factors.

Step by step solution

01

Identification of Methods

The first step is to identify the general controls that occur in enzyme activity. These are enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, presence of inhibitors, and co-enzymes/cofactors.
02

Description of Enzyme Concentration Control

Enzyme activity is directly proportional to enzyme concentration. More the amount of enzyme, higher is the rate of reaction up to a certain limit.
03

Description of Substrate Concentration Control

Substrate concentration affects enzyme activity. With an increase in substrate concentration, the rate of reaction increases until a point when all the enzyme molecules are fully saturated with the substrate.
04

Description of Temperature Control

Every enzyme has an optimum temperature at which it exhibits the highest activity. Variations in temperature can affect the bonding in an enzyme, change its shape and thereby its effectiveness.
05

Description of pH Control

Every enzyme has an optimum pH at which it shows the maximum activity. Deviation from this pH leads to decrease in enzyme activity.
06

Description of Inhibitor Control

Some chemicals known as inhibitors can reduce or even stop the activity of enzymes, they do this by binding to the enzyme and reduce their activity.
07

Description of Co-enzyme and Co-factor Control

Coenzymes and cofactors are molecules or ions that help enzymes to function. They can positively influence the rate of enzymatic reactions by enhancing the affinity of enzyme for its substrate.

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