Chapter 17

What chemical functionality is provided to enzyme reactions by pyridoxal phosphate (see Chapter 13 )? By coenzyme A (see Chapter 19)? By vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{12}\) (see Chapter 23 )? By thiamine pyrophosphate (see Chapter \(19) ?\)

Define the following terms: a. Genome b. Transcriptome c. Proteome A. Metabolome

For each of the following metabolic pathways, describe where in the cell it occurs and identify the starting material and end product(s): a. Citric acid cycle b. Glycolysis c. Oxidative phosphorylation d. Fatty acid synthesis

Which statement is most likely to be true concerning obligate anaerobes? a. These organisms can use oxygen if it is present in their environment. b. These organisms cannot use oxygen as their final electron acceptor. c. These organisms carry out fermentation for at least \(50 \%\) of their ATP production. d. Most of these organisms are vegetative fungi.

Foods rich in fiber are basically plant materials high in cellulose, a cell wall polysaccharide that we cannot digest. The nutritional benefits provided by such foods result from a. other nutrients present that can be digested and absorbed. b. macromolecules (like cellulose) that are absorbed without digestion and then catabolized inside the cells. c. microbes that are the normal symbionts of plant tissues. d. All of the above.