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Chapter 17: Problem 7

(Integrates with Chapters \(1 \text { and } 3 .)\) What are the metabolic roles of ATP, \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+},\) and NADPH?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In summary, ATP provides the energy necessary for metabolic reactions, NAD+ functions as an electron carrier in the catabolic and anabolic metabolic processes, and NADPH acts as an electron donor in the anabolic process of synthesizing cell components.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Role of ATP

ATP, or Adenosine Triphosphate, is often referred to as the 'energy currency' of the cell. It plays a critical role in metabolism by providing the energy needed for most biochemical reactions. It does this by undergoing a reaction that releases one of its three phosphate groups, along with energy that can be used by the cell.
02

Understand the Role of NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It serves crucial roles in both the catabolic process of breaking down nutrients to produce energy, and the anabolic process of building up cell components. It does this by acting as an electron carrier, being able to carry and donate electrons in redox reactions that occur during these metabolic processes. It is especially important in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration.
03

Understand the Role of NADPH

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) is another important coenzyme in metabolism. It mainly functions as an electron donor in the anabolic process of synthesizing cell components. It provides the reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions and the oxidation-reduction involved in protecting against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species, allowing for the creation of complex molecules and tissues. NADPH is particularly important in the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol in the body.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name and discuss four challenges associated with metabolomic measurements in biological systems.

What chemical functionality is provided to enzyme reactions by pyridoxal phosphate (see Chapter 13 )? By coenzyme A (see Chapter 19)? By vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{12}\) (see Chapter 23 )? By thiamine pyrophosphate (see Chapter \(19) ?\)

What are the advantages of compartmentalizing particular metabolic pathways within specific organelles?

Which statement is most likely to be true concerning obligate anaerobes? a. These organisms can use oxygen if it is present in their environment. b. These organisms cannot use oxygen as their final electron acceptor. c. These organisms carry out fermentation for at least \(50 \%\) of their ATP production. d. Most of these organisms are vegetative fungi.

Compare and contrast mass spectrometry and NMR in terms of their potential advantages and disadvantages for metabolomic analysis.
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