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Mobile App Problem 2
Determine the anticipated location in pyruvate of labeled carbons if glucose molecules labeled (in separate experiments) with \(^{14} \mathrm{C}\) at each position of the carbon skeleton proceed through the glycolytic pathway
Problem 3
In an erythrocyte undergoing glycolysis, what would be the effect of a sudden increase in the concentration of a. ATP? b. AMP? c. fructose- 1,6 -bisphosphate? d. fructose- 2,6 -bisphosphate? e. citrate? f. glucose- 6 -phosphate?
Problem 4
Discuss the cycling of NADH and NAD \(^{+}\) in glycolysis and the related fermentation reactions.
Problem 5
For each of the following reactions, name the enzyme that carries out this reaction in glycolysis and write a suitable mechanism for the reaction.
Problem 6
Write the reactions that permit galactose to be utilized in glycolysis. Write a suitable mechanism for one of these reactions.
Problem 7
(Integrates with Chapters \(4 \text { and } 14 .)\) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehyde- -phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.
Problem 8
If \(^{32}\) P-labeled inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes undergoing glycolysis, would you expect to detect \(^{32} \mathrm{P}\) in glycolytic intermediates? If so, describe the relevant reactions and the \(^{32} \mathrm{P}\) incorporation you would observe.
Problem 9
Sucrose can enter glycolysis by either of two routes: Sucrose phosphorylase: Sucrose \(+\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{i}} \rightleftharpoons\) fructose \(+\) glucose- 1 -phosphate Invertase: \\[ \text { Sucrose }+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \text { fructose }+\text { glucose } \\]
Problem 10
What would be the consequences of a \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) ion deficiency for the reactions of glycolysis?
Problem 11
(Integrates with Chapter \(3 .)\) Triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone-P to glyceraldehyde-3-P. The standard free energy change, \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) ', for this reaction is \(+7.6 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). However, the observed free energy change \((\Delta G)\) for this reaction in erythrocytes is \(+2.4 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) a. Calculate the ratio of [dihydroxyacetone-P]/ [glyceraldehyde-3-P] in erythrocytes from \(\Delta G\) b. If [dihydroxyacetone-P] \(=0.2 \mathrm{m} M\), what is [glyceraldehyde-3-P]?
