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Chapter 18: Problem 9

Sucrose can enter glycolysis by either of two routes: Sucrose phosphorylase: Sucrose \(+\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{i}} \rightleftharpoons\) fructose \(+\) glucose- 1 -phosphate Invertase: \\[ \text { Sucrose }+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \text { fructose }+\text { glucose } \\]

Short Answer

Expert verified
The breakdown of sucrose can follow two different routes: through sucrose phosphorylase or invertase. Sucrose phosphorylase combines sucrose with an inorganic Phosphate (Pi) molecule to produce fructose and glucose-1-phosphate. Invertase combines sucrose with water to yield fructose and glucose, which then undergo further biological processes, like glycolysis.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Enzyme Involvement

First, it is necessary to understand that 'sucrose phosphorylase' and 'invertase' are enzymes that facilitate different chemical reactions to break down sucrose into its constituent elements. Metabolism in living organisms involves a variety of chemical reactions, and these are often facilitated by specific enzymes.
02

Sucrose Phosphorylase Reaction

In the Sucrose Phosphorylase Reaction, every molecule of sucrose and inorganic Phosphate (Pi) breaks down to produce one molecule each of fructose and glucose-1-phosphate. As the process involves the addition of a phosphate group, it's a type of phosphorylation reaction.
03

Invertase Reaction

In the Invertase Reaction, every molecule of sucrose and water (H2O) breaks down into a molecule of fructose and glucose. Here, the enzyme invertase facilitates the hydrolysis of sucrose, utilizing the polar molecule water in the chemical reaction.
04

Relationship between the Two Reactions

While these reactions are distinct, both lead to the breakdown of sucrose into fructose and glucose or glucose-1-phosphate. These products can then be used in follow-on biological processes, such as glycolysis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Discuss the cycling of NADH and NAD \(^{+}\) in glycolysis and the related fermentation reactions.

(Integrates with Chapter \(3 .)\) Triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone-P to glyceraldehyde-3-P. The standard free energy change, \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) ', for this reaction is \(+7.6 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). However, the observed free energy change \((\Delta G)\) for this reaction in erythrocytes is \(+2.4 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) a. Calculate the ratio of [dihydroxyacetone-P]/ [glyceraldehyde-3-P] in erythrocytes from \(\Delta G\) b. If [dihydroxyacetone-P] \(=0.2 \mathrm{m} M\), what is [glyceraldehyde-3-P]?

If \(^{32}\) P-labeled inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes undergoing glycolysis, would you expect to detect \(^{32} \mathrm{P}\) in glycolytic intermediates? If so, describe the relevant reactions and the \(^{32} \mathrm{P}\) incorporation you would observe.

(Integrates with Chapters \(4 \text { and } 14 .)\) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehyde- -phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.

For each of the following reactions, name the enzyme that carries out this reaction in glycolysis and write a suitable mechanism for the reaction.
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