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Chapter 26: Problem 10

Write a balanced equation for the conversion of aspartate to fumarate by the purine nucleoside cycle in skeletal muscle.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equation for aspartate to fumarate conversion in the purine nucleoside cycle is: \( Aspartate + GTP + H_2O \rightarrow Fumarate + GDP + Pi + H^+ \)

Step by step solution

01

Identifying substrates and products

Firstly, it's essential to identify the substrates (the starting material) and the products (the end result) involved in the reaction. In this case, the substrate is aspartate and the product is fumarate.
02

Understanding the purine nucleoside cycle

The purine nucleoside cycle involves ATP (adenosine triphosphate), GTP (guanosine triphosphate), and other intermediate molecules. During the process, aspartate changes into a purine nucleoside and then transforms into fumarate.
03

Writing the chemical equation

The chemical equation for the conversion of aspartate to fumarate could be written as follows: \[ Aspartate + GTP + H_2O \rightarrow Fumarate + GDP + Pi + H^+ \]
04

Balancing the chemical equation

In this case, the chemical equation provided is already balanced. Each type of atom (e.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) is present in the same number on both sides of the equation, indicating that mass is conserved, upholding the law of conservation of mass.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Since dUTP is not a normal component of DNA, why do you suppose ribonucleotide reductase has the capacity to convert UDP to dUDP?

Draw the purine and pyrimidine ring structures, indicating the metabolic source of each atom in the rings.

Enzymes that bind phosphoribosyl-5-phosphate (PRPP) have a common structural fold, the PRT fold, which unites them as a structural family. PRT here refers to the phosphoribosyl transferase activity displayed by some family members. Typically, in such reactions, \(\mathrm{PP}_{\mathrm{i}}\) is displaced from PRPP by a nitrogen-containing nucleophile. Several such reactions occur in purine metabolism. Identify two such reactions where the enzyme involved is likely to be a PRT family member.

The crystal structure of \(E\). coli dihydrofolate reductase (DFR) with NADP \(^{+}\) and folate bound can be found in the Protein Data Bank (www.rcsb.org/pdb) as file 7 DFR. Go to this website, enter "7DFR" in the search line, and click on "KiNG" under "Display options" when the 7 DFR page comes up. Explore the KiNG graphic of the DFR structure to visualize how its substrates are bound. (If you hold down the left button on your mouse and move the cursor over the image, you can rotate the structure to view it from different perspectives.) Note in particular the spatial relationship between the nicotinamide ring of \(\mathrm{NADP}^{+}\) and the pterin ring of folate. Do you now have a better appreciation for how this enzyme works? Note also the location of polar groups on the two substrates in relation to the DFR structure.

(Integrates with Chapters \(18-20 \text { and } 22 .)\) By what pathway(s) does the ribose released upon nucleotide degradation enter intermediary metabolism and become converted to cellular energy? How many ATP equivalents can be recovered from one equivalent of ribose?
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