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Chapter 3: Problem 4

Define a state function. Name three themodynamic quantities that are state functions and three that are not.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A state function depends only on the start and end state of a process, not the path taken to get there. Examples include internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy. Non-state functions, like work, heat, and distance, depend on the process itself.

Step by step solution

01

Define a State Function

A state function, also known as a state quantity, in thermodynamics, is a property of a system that depends only on the current equilibrium state of the system (i.e. properties defined at a given set of conditions, like temperature and pressure), not on the way the system acquired that state. In other words, it only depends on the start and end state of a process, not the process itself.
02

Identify State Functions

Thermodynamic quantities that are state functions include internal energy (U), enthalpy (H), entropy (S), and Gibbs free energy (G) among others. For this exercise, we will select internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy.
03

Identify Non-State Functions

Conversely, quantities that depend on the path taken to reach a state are called path functions. Examples include work, heat, and distance. For this exercise, we will select work, heat, and distance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP in a rat liver cell in which the ATP, ADP, and \(P\), concentrations are \(3.4,1.3,\) and \(4.8 \mathrm{m} M\) respectively.

You are studying the various components of the venom of a poisonous lizard. One of the venom components is a protein that appears to be temperature sensitive. When heated, it denatures and is no longer toxic. The process can be described by the following simple equation: \\[ \mathbf{T}(\text { toxic }) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{N} \text { (nontoxic) } \\] There is only enough protein from this venom to carry out two equilibrium measurements. At \(298 \mathrm{K}\), you find that \(98 \%\) of the protein is in its toxic form. However, when you raise the temperature to \(320 \mathrm{K},\) you find that only \(10 \%\) of the protein is in its toxic form. a. Calculate the equilibrium constants for the T to N conversion at these two temperatures. b. Use the data to determine the \(\Delta H^{\circ}, \Delta S^{\circ},\) and \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) for this process.

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ATP hydrolysis at pH 7.0 is accompanicd by release of a hydrogen ion to the medium \\[\mathrm{ATP}^{6-}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{ADP}^{3-}+\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}+\mathrm{H}^{+}\\] If the \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) for this reaction is \(-30.5 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\), what is \(\Delta G^{*}\) (that is, the free energy change for the same reaction with all components, including \(\mathrm{H}^{+},\) at a standard state of \(1 \mathrm{M}\) )?
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