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Chapter 30: Problem 4

(Integrates with Chapter \(11 .\) ) Draw base-pair structures for \((\mathrm{a})\) \(G: C\) base pair, \((b)\) a \(C: G\) base pair, \((c)\) a \(G: U\) base pair, and \((d)\) a U:G base pair. Note how these various base pairs differ in the potential hydrogen-bonding patterns they present within the major groove and minor groove of a double-helical nucleic acid.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structures for the G: C and C: G base pairs have been drawn with the latter being an inverted form of the former. On the other hand, the structures for the G: U and U: G base pairs have also been drawn, with the latter being an inverted form of the former. In both cases, the structures illustrate the potential hydrogen-bonding patterns within the major and minor groove of a double-helical nucleic acid.

Step by step solution

01

Draw the G: C base pair structure

Draw the structures of Guanine and Cytosine separately. The Guanine (G) should have a double ring with an O (oxygen) at the top position, an NH2 (amine group) at position 2, and a double bonded oxygen (C=O) at position 6. The structure of Cytosine (C) should be a single ring with an NH2 (amine group) at position 3 and a double bonded oxygen (C=O) at position 2. Now connect the two with hydrogen bonds, three in this case - one between the oxygen and the hydrogen of the amine on Cytosine, and one each for the two amines of Guanine and the double bonded oxygen on Cytosine.
02

Draw the C: G base pair structure

Drawing C: G base pair structure is almost similar to G: C. But just invert the structure. Begin by drawing the structures of Cytosine and Guanine on paper and make use of hydrogen bonds to connect the two. Guanine will form two hydrogen bonds with Cytosine.
03

Draw the G: U base pair structure

To draw a G: U (Guanine-Uracil) base pair, start with the structures for Guanine and Uracil. Guanine should have a double ring structure and Uracil should have a single ring structure, similar to the pairing in the structures of Guanine and Cytosine, only that uracil is used instead of Cytosine. This base pair entails the formation of two hydrogen bonds.
04

Draw the U: G base pair structure

Drawing U: G base pair structure is the same as the G: U, but inverted. Draw U first then G. Uracil will form two hydrogen bonds with Guanine.

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