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Chapter 1: Problem 18

Is there a difference between a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2;1 ratio and a sample of water vapor? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Yes, there is a difference between a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas in a 2:1 ratio and a sample of water vapor. In the gas mixture, hydrogen and oxygen molecules are present separately, while in water vapor, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are chemically bonded together to form water molecules. The properties of the gas mixture and water vapor also differ, with the mixture showing properties of individual H₂ and O₂ gases, and water vapor exhibiting properties related to phase transitions and the chemical bonding between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Step by step solution

01

Understand key difference between a mixture of gases and water vapor

A homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas in a 2:1 ratio is a mixture in which hydrogen and oxygen gases are uniformly mixed at the molecular level. This means, the individual hydrogen and oxygen gas molecules are still present separately in the mixture. On the other hand, water vapor is the gaseous state of water (H₂O). This means that it consists of water molecules that have transitioned from the liquid or solid state to the gas phase. In water vapor, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are chemically bonded together in individual water molecules, rather than being in separate molecules as it would be in the case of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas.
02

Discuss the properties of the gas mixture

A homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases in a 2:1 ratio represents H₂ and O₂ molecules present separately in the mixture, but the ratio of hydrogen molecules to oxygen molecules is 2:1. This mixture still retains the properties of individual hydrogen and oxygen gases, including their flammability and reactivity.
03

Discuss the properties of water vapor

Water vapor (H₂O) is a gas that consists of water molecules, where each water molecule's individual H atoms are covalently bonded to a single O atom. Unlike the gas mixture, water vapor does not have the same properties as the individual hydrogen and oxygen gases, such as their flammability and reactivity. In the gaseous state, water vapor exhibits properties such as vapor pressure and condensation, which are typical of a liquid transitioning from one phase to another and are not present in a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases.
04

Compare the differences

In summary, a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases in a 2:1 ratio consists of separate hydrogen and oxygen molecules mixed uniformly at the molecular level, whereas water vapor is the gaseous state of water consisting of molecules where hydrogen and oxygen atoms are chemically bonded together. The properties of the gas mixture and water vapor also differ, with the gas mixture having the properties of individual H₂ and O₂ gases and water vapor exhibiting properties related to phase transitions and chemical bonding between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
05

Conclusion

There is indeed a difference between a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas in a 2:1 ratio and a sample of water vapor. The main differences lie in the composition (presence of individual hydrogen and oxygen gas molecules in the mixture versus chemical bonding in water vapor) and different chemical and physical properties (properties of the individual gases versus properties related to phase transitions and the bonding within water vapor).

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