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Chapter 10: Problem 147

Consider the following melting point data: Account for the trends in melting points in terms of interparticle forces

Short Answer

Expert verified
To account for the trends in melting points with respect to interparticle forces, consider the type of bonds (ionic, covalent, or Van der Waals forces), bond strength, molecular size/structure, electronegativity, and ionic charge. Analyze the melting point data based on these factors and their impacts on bond strength, molecular size, structure, electronegativity, and ionic charge to explain the observed trends in the melting points.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the type of bonds between the particles

Start by identifying the types of bonds between the particles in the substances, i.e., ionic bonds, covalent bonds, or Van der Waals forces. Determine if the substances are ionic compounds, covalent compounds, or molecular substances.
02

Compare the bond strength

Compare the bond strengths of the various types of forces. In general, ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds, which are stronger than Van der Waals forces. Make note of this when looking for trends in melting points.
03

Evaluate the impact of the molecular size/structure

If the given substances have multiple molecules, analyze the impact of the molecular size and structure on interparticle forces. As the size of the molecule increases, the Van der Waals forces become stronger, causing an increase in the melting point. A more complicated molecular structure can also lead to stronger intermolecular forces.
04

Evaluate the impact of electronegativity

For covalent substances, evaluate the effect of electronegativity on the bond strength. If the difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms is large, the bond will be more polar and will lead to stronger interparticle forces, resulting in higher melting points.
05

Determine the impact of charge for ionic substances

For ionic substances, determine the impact of the charge of the ion on interparticle forces. A higher charged species will lead to stronger ionic interactions, resulting in higher melting points due to increased interparticle forces.
06

Analyze the trends based on the interparticle forces

Analyze the melting point trends based on the different interparticle forces and their impact on bond strength, molecular size, structure, electronegativity, and ionic charge. Use these factors to explain the observable trends in the melting points of the substances provided in the data. By following these steps and analyzing the factors that affect the different interparticle forces, you can successfully account for the trends in melting points for the given data.

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