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Chapter 10: Problem 28

Packaged foods that require cooking in boiling water often contain special directions for use at high elevations. Typically these directions indicate that the food should be cooked longer above 5000 ft. Explain why it takes longer to cook something at higher elevations.

Short Answer

Expert verified
At higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases, leading to a lower boiling point of water. This results in a slower rate of heat transfer from the water to the food, causing food to take longer to cook. Factors such as humidity, air temperature, and wind may also contribute to longer cooking times at high elevations.

Step by step solution

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1. Understand the relationship between atmospheric pressure and elevation

At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is highest as it is influenced by the weight of the air column above it. As we move to higher elevations, the atmospheric pressure decreases as the weight of the air column above it decreases. This decrease in pressure affects the boiling point of water.
02

2. Understand the relationship between atmospheric pressure and boiling point of water

The boiling point of a liquid refers to the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure, causing the liquid to change into vapor. As atmospheric pressure decreases with elevation, the boiling point of water also decreases.
03

3. Relate the decrease in boiling point to longer cooking time at higher elevations

Cooking, especially boiling, relies on the transfer of heat energy from the boiling water to the food. At lower boiling points (which occur at higher elevations), less heat energy is transferred to the food. As a result, food takes longer to cook because the rate at which it absorbs heat from water is lower.
04

4. Factor in other variables influencing cooking time at high elevations

Apart from the decrease in boiling point, other factors can influence cooking time at high elevations. These factors might include humidity (which influences the evaporation rate), air temperature, and wind, which can all affect the efficiency of heat transfer to the food and the overall cooking time. In conclusion, the main reason for longer cooking times at higher elevations is the decrease in atmospheric pressure, which results in a lower boiling point of water and a slower rate of heat transfer from the water to the food. Other factors, such as humidity, air temperature, and wind, might also contribute to longer cooking times at high elevations.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

General Zod has sold Lex Luthor what Zod claims to be a new copper-colored form of kryptonite, the only substance that can harm Superman. Lex, not believing in honor among thieves, decided to carry out some tests on the supposed kryptonite. From previous tests, Lex knew that kryptonite is a metal having a specific heat capacity of 0.082 $\mathrm{J} / \mathrm{g} \cdot^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\( and a density of 9.2 \)\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ Lex Luthor's first experiment was an attempt to find the specific heat capacity of kryptonite. He dropped a \(10 \mathrm{g} \pm 3 \mathrm{g}\) sample of the metal into a boiling water bath at a temperature of $100.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \pm 0.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ . He waited until the metal had reached the bath temperature and then quickly transferred it to \(100 \mathrm{g} \pm\) 3 \(\mathrm{g}\) of water that was contained in a calorimeter at an initial temperature of \(25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \pm 0.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . The final temperature of the metal and water was \(25.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) Based on these results, is it possible to distinguish between copper and kryptonite? Explain. When Lex found that his results from the first experiment were inconclusive, he decided to determine the density of the sample. He managed to steal a better balance and determined the mass of another portion of the purported kryptonite to be \(4 \mathrm{g} \pm 1 \mathrm{g} .\) He dropped this sample into water contained in a \(25-\mathrm{mL}\) graduated cylinder and found that it displaced a volume of \(0.42 \mathrm{mL} \pm 0.02 \mathrm{mL}\) . Is the metal copper or kryptonite? Explain. Lex was finally forced to determine the crystal structure of the metal General Zod had given him. He found that the cubic unit cell contained four atoms and had an edge length of \(600 . \mathrm{pm}\) . Explain how this information enabled Lex to identify the metal as copper or kryptonite. Will Lex be going after Superman with the kryptonite or seeking revenge on General Zod? What improvements could he have made in his experimental techniques to avoid performing the crystal structure determination?

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