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Chapter 11: Problem 112

Consider the following: What would happen to the level of liquid in the two arms if the semipermeable membrane separating the two liquids were permeable to a. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (the solvent) only? b. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and solute?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In case A, where the membrane is permeable to water only, osmosis will occur, causing water molecules to move from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration. This will result in the liquid level rising on the side with higher solute concentration and decreasing on the side with lower solute concentration. In case B, where the membrane is permeable to both water and solute, diffusion will occur, and both solute and solvent molecules will move across the membrane to reach an equilibrium. As a result, the levels of liquid in the two arms will eventually equalize.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Osmosis

Osmosis is a natural process in which solvent molecules (in this case, water) move across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. The purpose of this movement is to establish an equilibrium, where there is an equal distribution of the solute on both sides of the membrane. Osmosis can take place in any dilute solution when it is separated from a concentrated solution by a selectively permeable membrane.
02

Solvent Movement

In this case, the semipermeable membrane allows only water molecules to pass through. According to the principle of osmosis, water molecules will move from the side with a lower solute concentration to the side with a higher solute concentration. As a result, the level of liquid on the side with a higher solute concentration will rise, while the level of liquid on the side with a lower solute concentration will decrease. #Case B: Permeable to Water and Solute#
03

Understanding Diffusion

Diffusion is a process where particles (solute and solvent) move from a region of higher concentration to a region with lower concentration, eventually reaching an equilibrium. When the membrane is permeable to both water and solute, the process of diffusion will take place instead of osmosis.
04

Solvent and Solute Movement

Since the membrane is permeable to both water and the solute, both molecules will move across the membrane. The water molecules will still move from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with a higher solute concentration. In addition, the solute molecules will also move from their region of higher concentration to their region of lower concentration.
05

Equilibrium

The movement of water and solute molecules will continue until an equilibrium is reached. At equilibrium, the solute concentration on the two sides of the membrane will be equal. Moreover, the levels of liquid in the two arms will be equal, since the movement of solute and solvent across the membrane will have balanced out the levels on both sides of the membrane.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Anthraquinone contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When 4.80 \(\mathrm{mg}\) anthraquinone is burned, 14.2 \(\mathrm{mg} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and 1.65 \(\mathrm{mg} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) are produced. The freezing point of camphor is lowered by \(22.3^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) when 1.32 \(\mathrm{g}\) anthraquinone is dissolved in 11.4 \(\mathrm{g}\) camphor. Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of anthraquinone.

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