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Chapter 11: Problem 86

From the following: Pure water solution of \(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}(m=0.01)\) in water solution of \(\mathrm{NaCl}(m=0.01)\) in water solution of \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}(m=0.01)\) in water Choose the one with the a. highest freezing point. b. lowest freezing point. c. highest boiling point. d. lowest boiling point. e. highest osmotic pressure.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Highest freezing point: pure water b. Lowest freezing point: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution c. Highest boiling point: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution d. Lowest boiling point: pure water e. Highest osmotic pressure: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution

Step by step solution

01

Define the colligative properties

Colligative properties include freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure. These properties depend on the number of solute particles when considering a fixed amount of solvent.
02

Identify the number of solute particles in each solution

Determine the number of particles each solute dissociates into when dissolved in water. 1. Pure water does not have any solute particles. 2. \(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}\) is a non-electrolyte, so it doesn't dissociate in water and hence contributes as 1 particle. 3. \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) is an electrolyte and dissociates into 2 ions: Na⁺ and Cl⁻, thus contributes as 2 particles. 4. \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) is an electrolyte and dissociates into 3 ions: Ca²⁺ and 2Cl⁻, thus contributes as 3 particles.
03

Highest and lowest freezing points

A higher number of solute particles results in a greater depression of the freezing point. a. Highest freezing point: pure water (0 solute particles) b. Lowest freezing point: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution (3 solute particles)
04

Highest and lowest boiling points

A higher number of solute particles results in a greater elevation of the boiling point. c. Highest boiling point: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution (3 solute particles) d. Lowest boiling point: pure water (0 solute particles)
05

Highest osmotic pressure

Osmotic pressure is greater when there are more solute particles in a solution. e. Highest osmotic pressure: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution (3 solute particles) In summary: a. Highest freezing point: pure water b. Lowest freezing point: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution c. Highest boiling point: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution d. Lowest boiling point: pure water e. Highest osmotic pressure: \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) solution

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