Which of the following statements is(are) true? Correct the false statement(s). a. When a reactant is added to a system at equilibrium at a given temperature, the reaction will shift right to reestablish equilibrium. b. When a product is added to a system at equilibrium at a given temperature, the value of K for the reaction will increase when equilibrium is reestablished. c. When temperature is increased for a reaction at equilibrium, the value of K for the reaction will increase. d. When the volume of a reaction container is increased for a system at equilibrium at a given temperature, the reaction will shift left to reestablish equilibrium. e. Addition of a catalyst (a substance that increases the speed of the reaction) has no effect on the equilibrium position.

Step by step solution

01

Statement a

When a reactant is added to a system at equilibrium at a given temperature, the reaction will shift right to reestablish equilibrium. According to Le Chatelier's principle, if a change is made to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift in the direction that reduces the change. Therefore, when we add more reactants, the reaction will indeed shift right to use up the added reactants and reestablish equilibrium. This statement is true.

02

Statement b

When a product is added to a system at equilibrium at a given temperature, the value of K for the reaction will increase when equilibrium is reestablished. The equilibrium constant (K) is only affected by temperature changes. It stays constant for a particular reaction at a given temperature. Adding a product will cause the reaction to shift left, consuming the added product to reestablish equilibrium. However, the value of K will not change. Therefore, this statement is false. Corrected statement: When a product is added to a system at equilibrium at a given temperature, the value of K for the reaction stays constant when equilibrium is reestablished.

03

Statement c

When temperature is increased for a reaction at equilibrium, the value of K for the reaction will increase. This statement is true for endothermic reactions and false for exothermic reactions. For endothermic reactions, increasing the temperature increases the value of K because the reaction can "absorb" additional heat by shifting to the right. Conversely, for exothermic reactions, the additional heat will cause the reaction to shift to the left, decreasing the value of K. Corrected statement: When temperature is increased for an endothermic reaction at equilibrium, the value of K for the reaction will increase.

04

Statement d

When the volume of a reaction container is increased for a system at equilibrium at a given temperature, the reaction will shift left to reestablish equilibrium. According to Le Chatelier's principle, if we increase the volume, the reaction will move in the direction that has a larger number of moles of gas to reestablish equilibrium. The direction depends on the specific reaction. This statement is not necessarily true. Incorrect statement: When the volume of a reaction container is increased for a system at equilibrium at a given temperature, the reaction will shift in the direction with more gas moles to reestablish equilibrium.

05

Statement e

Addition of a catalyst (a substance that increases the speed of the reaction) has no effect on the equilibrium position. A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions equally, which means that equilibrium is reached faster, but it has no effect on the position of equilibrium. Thus, this statement is true.

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