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Chapter 2: Problem 114

Which of the following is(are) correct? a. \(^{40} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) contains 20 protons and 18 electrons. b. Rutherford created the cathode-ray tube and was the founder of the charge- to-mass ratio of an electron. c. An electron is heavier than a proton. d. The nucleus contains protons, neutrons, and electrons

Short Answer

Expert verified
In conclusion, only statement a, which states that \(^{40} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) contains 20 protons and 18 electrons, is correct. The other statements are all incorrect based on our analysis.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze statement a about \(^{40} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) ion

Let's break down the information provided in the statement for the isotope of Calcium. The isotope notation tells us that a \(^{40}\mathrm{Ca}\) isotope has 20 neutrons (\(40-20\)) and 20 protons since Calcium has the atomic number 20. As the charge on the ion is \(2+\), it means that Calcium lost 2 electrons. Thus, a \(^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) ion should contain 20 protons and 18 electrons, making statement a correct.
02

Analyze statement b about Rutherford's contribution

The statement says that Rutherford created the cathode-ray tube and was the founder of the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron. However, this is not accurate. The cathode-ray tube was created by Sir William Crookes, and J.J. Thomson was the one who determined the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron. Therefore, statement b is incorrect.
03

Analyze statement c about the weight of electron and proton

This statement says that an electron is heavier than a proton. However, this is not correct. Electrons are much lighter than protons. An electron has a mass of approximately \(9.109 \times 10^{-31}\) kg, whereas a proton has a mass of approximately \(1.673 \times 10^{-27}\) kg. Consequently, statement c is incorrect.
04

Analyze statement d about the nucleus composition

This statement suggests that the nucleus contains protons, neutrons, and electrons. While it's accurate that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons, electrons are not present in the nucleus. Electrons occupy the atomic orbitals outside the nucleus. Therefore, statement d is incorrect as well. In conclusion, only statement a is correct in this exercise.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following explain how an ion is formed? Explain your answer. a. adding or subtracting protons to/from an atom b. adding or subtracting neutrons to/from an atom c. adding or subtracting electrons to/from an atom

For each of the following ions, indicate the total number of protons and electrons in the ion. For the positive ions in the list, predict the formula of the simplest compound formed between each positive ion and the oxide ion. Name the compounds. For the negative ions in the list, predict the formula of the simplest compound formed between each negative ion and the aluminum ion. Name the compounds. a. \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\) b. \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) c. \(\mathrm{Ba}^{2+}\) d. \(\mathrm{Cs}^{+}\) e. \(\mathrm{S}^{2-}\) f. \(\mathrm{P}^{3-}\) g. \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\) h. \(\mathrm{N}^{3-}\)

For each of the following ions, indicate the number of protons and electrons the ion contains. a. \(\quad \mathrm{Ba}^{2+}\) b. \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) c. \(\mathrm{N}^{3-}\) d. \(\mathrm{Rb}^{+}\) e. \(\mathrm{Co}^{3+}\) f. \(\mathrm{Te}^{2-}\) g. \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\)

Name the compounds in parts a–d and write the formulas for the compounds in parts e–h. a. \(\operatorname{NaBr}\) b. \(\mathrm{Rb}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) c. \(\mathrm{CaS}\) d. d. \(\mathrm{AlI}_{3}\) e. strontium fluoride f. aluminum selenide g. potassium nitride h. magnesium phosphide

The contributions of J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford led the way to today’s understanding of the structure of the atom. What were their contributions?
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