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Chapter 20: Problem 104

Which of following statement(s) is(are) true? a. Phosphoric acid is a stronger acid than nitric acid. b. The noble gas with the lowest boiling point is helium. c. Sulfur is found as the free element in the earth’s crust. d. One of the atoms in Teflon is fluorine. e. The \(P_{4}\) molecule has a square planar structure.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Statements b, c, and d are true. Statement a is false because nitric acid is stronger than phosphoric acid, and statement e is false because the \(P_4\) molecule has a tetrahedral structure, not square planar.

Step by step solution

01

Statement a: Phosphoric acid vs Nitric acid strength

To compare the strengths of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and nitric acid (HNO3), we need to compare their acid dissociation constants (Ka). The larger the Ka, the stronger the acid. HNO3 has a Ka value of approximately \(10^{−1.4}\), while H3PO4 has a Ka value of approximately \(10^{−2.1}\) for its first dissociation. Since the Ka value of HNO3 is larger than that of H3PO4, nitric acid is a stronger acid than phosphoric acid. So, statement a is false.
02

Statement b: Lowest boiling point of noble gases

To determine the noble gas with the lowest boiling point, we can look at their positions in the periodic table. Noble gases belong to group 18, and their boiling points generally decrease as we move up the group. Helium (He) is the element at the top of this group, and it has a boiling point of only 4.22 K, which is the lowest among all noble gases. Therefore, statement b is true.
03

Statement c: Sulfur as a free element in the Earth's crust

Sulfur (S) can be found as a native or "free" element in the Earth's crust, usually near volcanic areas or hot springs where it forms as a result of the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and oxygen. It can also be found combined with other elements in minerals such as pyrite (FeS2), galena (PbS), and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). So, statement c is true.
04

Statement d: Teflon and fluorine atoms

Teflon is a well-known brand name for a type of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a polymer that consists of carbon and fluorine atoms. The repeating unit of PTFE is \(-CF_2-\), meaning that each carbon atom is bonded to two fluorine atoms. Since Teflon is made up of carbon and fluorine atoms, statement d is true.
05

Statement e: Structure of the P4 molecule

The \(P_4\) molecule is composed of four phosphorus (P) atoms. Its structure is not square planar but rather, tetrahedral, where each P atom is bonded to three other P atoms, forming a regular tetrahedron. Therefore, statement e is false. In conclusion, statements b, c, and d are true, while statements a and e are false.

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