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Chapter 21: Problem 102

Sketch a d-orbital energy diagram for the following. a. a linear complex ion with ligands on the \(x\) axis b. a linear complex ion with ligands on the \(y\) axis

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. For a linear complex ion with ligands on the x axis: The d-orbital energy levels are split into \(d_{xy}, d_{yz}\) (lowest), \(d_{x^2-y^2}, d_{xz}\) (middle), and \(d_{z^2}\) (highest). b. For a linear complex ion with ligands on the y axis: The d-orbital energy levels are split into \(d_{xy}, d_{xz}\) (lowest), \(d_{x^2-y^2}, d_{yz}\) (middle), and \(d_{z^2}\) (highest).

Step by step solution

01

Review the energies of d-orbitals in linear complexes

One important thing to know is that the energy of d-orbitals in a linear complex is split into three levels. Namely, the \(d_{z^2}\) orbital is at the highest energy level, while the \(d_{x^2-y^2}\) and \(d_{xy}\) orbitals share the same lower energy level, and the \(d_{xz}\) and \(d_{yz}\) orbitals also share the same energy level, which is in between the highest and lowest energy levels.
02

Sketch the d-orbital energy diagram with ligands on the x axis

Since ligands are located along the x axis, the \(d_{z^2}\) and \(d_{xz}\) orbitals experience more repulsion and will be at higher energy levels, while the other orbitals will be less affected. Thus, the \(d_{z^2}\) orbital will remain at the highest energy level, and the \(d_{xz}\) and \(d_{x^2-y^2}\) orbitals will now share the same energy level, which is in between the lowest and highest energy levels. The \(d_{xy}\) and \(d_{yz}\) orbitals will have the lowest energy level. Draw an energy diagram with the d-orbitals on the y-axis and their energy levels in ascending order. Label each energy level with the correct d-orbital designation.
03

Sketch the d-orbital energy diagram with ligands on the y axis

Similarly, when ligands are located along the y axis, the \(d_{z^2}\) and \(d_{yz}\) orbitals will experience more repulsion and will be at higher energy levels, while the other orbitals will be less affected. So, in this case, the \(d_{z^2}\) orbital is still the highest energy level, and the \(d_{x^2-y^2}\) and \(d_{yz}\) orbitals will now share the same energy level, which is in between the lowest and highest energy levels. The \(d_{xy}\) and \(d_{xz}\) orbitals will have the lowest energy level. Draw another energy diagram with the d-orbitals on the y-axis and their energy levels in ascending order. Label each energy level with the correct d-orbital designation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following ligands are capable of linkage isomerism? Explain your answer. $$\mathrm{SCN}^{-}, \mathrm{N}_{3}^{-}, \mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}, \mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}, \mathrm{OCN}^{-}, \mathrm{I}^{-}$$

The compound cisplatin, Pt \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2},\) has been studied extensively as an antitumor agent. The reaction for the synthesis of cisplatin is: $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{PtCl}_{4}(a q)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(s)+2 \mathrm{KCl}(a q)$ Write the electron configuration for platinum ion in cisplatin. Most \(d^{8}\) transition metal ions exhibit square planar geometry. With this and the name in mind, draw the structure of cisplatin.

Which of the following crystal field diagram(s) is(are) correct for the complex given? a. \(\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4}^{2+}\) (tetrahedral) b. \(\operatorname{Mn}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}^{3-}\) (strong field) c. \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}^{2-}\) (square planar, diamagnetic)

The following statements discuss some coordination compounds. For each coordination compound, give the complex ion and the counterions, the electron configuration of the transition metal, and the geometry of the complex ion. a. \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{2} \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is a compound used in novelty devices that predict rain. b. During the developing process of black-and-white film, silver bromide is removed from photographic film by the fixer. The major component of the fixer is sodium thiosul-fate. The equation for the reaction is: $$\operatorname{AgBr}(s)+2 \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(a q) \longrightarrow \\ \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm{Na}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)_{2}\right](a q)+\mathrm{NaBr}(a q)$$ c. In the production of printed circuit boards for the electronics industry, a thin layer of copper is laminated onto an insulating plastic board. Next, a circuit pattern made of a chemically resistant polymer is printed on the board. The unwanted copper is removed by chemical etching, and the protective polymer is finally removed by solvents. One etching reaction is: $$\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(a q)+4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) \longrightarrow \\\ \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad 2 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(a q)$$ Assume these copper complex ions have tetrahedral geometry.

Write electron configurations for the following transition metals and their ions. a. \(\mathrm{Co}, \mathrm{Co}^{2+}, \mathrm{Co}^{3+}\) b. \(\mathrm{Pt}, \mathrm{Pt}^{2+}, \mathrm{Pt}^{4+}\) c. \(\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}, \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\)
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