The following statements discuss some coordination compounds. For each coordination compound, give the complex ion and the counterions, the electron configuration of the transition metal, and the geometry of the complex ion. a. \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{2} \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is a compound used in novelty devices that predict rain. b. During the developing process of black-and-white film, silver bromide is removed from photographic film by the fixer. The major component of the fixer is sodium thiosul-fate. The equation for the reaction is: $$\operatorname{AgBr}(s)+2 \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(a q) \longrightarrow \\ \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \mathrm{Na}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)_{2}\right](a q)+\mathrm{NaBr}(a q)$$ c. In the production of printed circuit boards for the electronics industry, a thin layer of copper is laminated onto an insulating plastic board. Next, a circuit pattern made of a chemically resistant polymer is printed on the board. The unwanted copper is removed by chemical etching, and the protective polymer is finally removed by solvents. One etching reaction is: $$\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(a q)+4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) \longrightarrow \\\ \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad 2 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(a q)$$ Assume these copper complex ions have tetrahedral geometry.

Step by step solution

01

Complex Ion and Counterions

The complex ion is \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{2+}\), and the counterions are 2 \(\mathrm{Cl}^-\).

02

Electron Configuration

Cobalt has a ground state electron configuration of \(\mathrm{[Ar]}3d^{7}4s^2\). When it forms a coordination complex in oxidation state +2, it loses 2 electrons, giving it the electron configuration \(\mathrm{[Ar]}3d^7\).

03

Geometry of the Complex Ion

The complex ion has 6 water molecules attached to the cobalt in octahedral geometry. b. Coordination compound: \(\mathrm{Na}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{S}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]\)

04

Complex Ion and Counterions

The complex ion is \(\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{3-}\), and the counterions are 3 \(\mathrm{Na}^+\).

05

Electron Configuration

Silver has a ground state electron configuration of \(\mathrm{[Kr]}4d^{10}5s^1\). When it forms a coordination complex in oxidation state +1, it loses 1 electron, giving it the electron configuration \(\mathrm{[Kr]}4d^{10}\).

06

Geometry of the Complex Ion

The complex ion has 2 thiosulfate groups attached to the silver in a linear geometry. c. Coordination compound: \(\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)

07

Complex Ion and Counterions

The complex ion is \(\left[\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4}\right]^{2+}\), and the counterions are 2 \(\mathrm{Cl}^-\).

08

Electron Configuration

Copper has a ground state electron configuration of \(\mathrm{[Ar]}3d^{10}4s^1\). When it forms a coordination complex in oxidation state +2, it loses 2 electrons, giving it the electron configuration \(\mathrm{[Ar]}3d^9\).

09

Geometry of the Complex Ion

The complex ion has 4 ammonia molecules attached to the copper in tetrahedral geometry.

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