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Chapter 21: Problem 76

The compound cisplatin, Pt \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2},\) has been studied extensively as an antitumor agent. The reaction for the synthesis of cisplatin is: $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{PtCl}_{4}(a q)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(s)+2 \mathrm{KCl}(a q)$ Write the electron configuration for platinum ion in cisplatin. Most \(d^{8}\) transition metal ions exhibit square planar geometry. With this and the name in mind, draw the structure of cisplatin.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The electron configuration of the platinum ion in the cisplatin compound is: \[\mathrm{Pt}^{2+} : \mathrm{1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 4s^{2} 3d^{10} 4p^{6} 5s^{2} 4d^{10} 5p^{6} 6s^{2} 4f^{14} 5d^{7}}\] The structure of cisplatin is: Cl | NH3--Pt--NH3 | Cl with the square planar geometry around the platinum ion.

Step by step solution

01

Electron configuration of neutral platinum

To find the electron configuration of a neutral platinum atom, we need to follow the order of filling of orbitals in the periodic table. Platinum has an atomic number of 78, so it has 78 electrons in its neutral state. The electron configuration of the neutral platinum atom is: \[ \mathrm{Pt} : \mathrm{1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 4s^{2} 3d^{10} 4p^{6} 5s^{2} 4d^{10} 5p^{6} 6s^{2} 4f^{14} 5d^{9}} \]
02

Electron configuration of platinum ion in the cisplatin compound

In the cisplatin compound, the platinum atom loses 2 electrons when reacting with the other elements in the compound (i.e., 2 ammonia molecules and 2 chloride ions). Therefore, the platinum ion in cisplatin has a +2 charge. The electron configuration of the platinum ion in the cisplatin compound is then: \[ \mathrm{Pt}^{2+} : \mathrm{1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 4s^{2} 3d^{10} 4p^{6} 5s^{2} 4d^{10} 5p^{6} 6s^{2} 4f^{14} 5d^{7}} \]
03

Drawing the structure of cisplatin

Considering the square planar geometry of d^8 transition metal ions, the structure of cisplatin can be drawn as follows: 1. Place the platinum ion (Pt^2+) in the center. 2. Connect two ammonia (NH3) molecules to the platinum ion on opposite sides (cis position). 3. Connect two chloride (Cl-) ions to the platinum ion on the other two opposite sides (cis position). The structure would look like this: Cl | NH3--Pt--NH3 | Cl This is the structure of cisplatin, with the square planar geometry around the platinum ion.

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