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Chapter 21: Problem 90

Which of the following molecules exhibit(s) optical isomerism? a. \(c i s-P t\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) b. trans-Ni(en) \(_{2} \mathrm{Br}_{2}\) (en is ethylenediamine) c. $c i s-\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{en})_{2} \mathrm{Br}_{2}(\text { en is ethylenediamine })$

Short Answer

Expert verified
Only cis-Ni(en)₂Br₂ (option c) exhibits optical isomerism, as it has an axis of chirality and its structure is non-superimposable on its mirror image. Both cis-Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂ (option a) and trans-Ni(en)₂Br₂ (option b) have planes of symmetry and are not chiral, so they do not exhibit optical isomerism.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Optical Isomerism

Optical isomers have non-superimposable mirror images, called enantiomers. A molecule exhibits optical isomerism if it has a chiral center or axis of chirality.
02

Analyze cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2

Cis-Pt(NH3)₂Cl₂ (cisplatin) has a square planar geometry with the central metal atom Platinum (Pt). In the case of cisplatin, two Chlorine (Cl) atoms lie adjacent to each other, and the other two positions are occupied by two Ammonia (NH3) ligands. Since all four ligands are in the same plane, there is a plane of symmetry, which means it is not chiral and does not exhibit optical isomerism.
03

Analyze trans-Ni(en)2Br2

In the trans-Ni(en)₂Br₂ complex, the central metal atom is Nickel (Ni), and it has a coordination number of 6. Ethylenediamine (en) is a bidentate ligand that occupies two coordination sites. The trans-Ni(en)₂Br₂ has two ethylenediamine ligands and two bromines in opposite positions. The overall molecule has a plane of symmetry and is not chiral, hence no optical isomerism.
04

Analyze cis-Ni(en)2Br2

For the cis-Ni(en)₂Br₂ complex, Nickel (Ni) is the central metal atom. Cis-Ni(en)₂Br₂ has two ethylenediamine (en) bidentate ligands and two bromides in adjacent positions. In this case, the rotation of one ethylenediamine ligand in relation to the other creates a structure that is non-superimposable on its mirror image. Thus, it has an axis of chirality, and the molecule exhibits optical isomerism.
05

Determine the answer

Among the given options, only cis-Ni(en)₂Br₂ exhibits optical isomerism. Therefore, the answer is c.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA \(^{4-} )\) is used as a complexing agent in chemical analysis with the structure shown in Fig. \(21.7 .\) Solutions of EDTA \(^{4-}\) are used to treat heavy metal poisoning by removing the heavy metal in the form of a soluble complex ion. The complex ion virtually prevents the heavy metal ions from reacting with biochemical systems. The reaction of EDTA \(^{4-}\) with \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) is $$\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{EDTA}^{4-(a q)} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{PbEDTA}^{2-}(a q) \\\ \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad K=1.1 \times 10^{18}$$ Consider a solution with 0.010 mol of \(\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) added to 1.0 \(\mathrm{L}\) of an aqueous solution buffered at \(\mathrm{pH}=13.00\) and containing 0.050$M \mathrm{Na}_{4} \mathrm{EDTA} .\( Does \)\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$ precipitate from this solution? $\left[K_{\mathrm{sp}} \text { for } \mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}=1.2 \times 10^{-15}\right]$

Qualitatively draw the crystal field splitting for a trigonal bi- pyramidal complex ion. (Let the \(z\) axis be perpendicular to the trigonal plane.)

Write electron configurations for the following transition metals. a. Sc b. Ru c. Ir d. Mn

Acetylacetone (see Exercise \(45,\) part a), abbreviated acacH, is a bidentate ligand. It loses a proton and coordinates as acac\(^-\) as shown below: Acetylacetone reacts with an ethanol solution containing a salt of europium to give a compound that is 40.1\(\% \mathrm{C}\) and 4.71\(\% \mathrm{H}\) by mass. Combustion of 0.286 \(\mathrm{g}\) of the compound gives 0.112 $\mathrm{g} \mathrm{Eu}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} .$ Assuming the compound contains only \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) O, and Eu, determine the formula of the compound formed from the reaction of acetylacetone and the europium salt. (Assume that the compound contains one europium ion.)

Tetrahedral complexes of \(\mathrm{Co}^{2+}\) are quite common. Use a \(d\) -orbital splitting diagram to rationalize the stability of \(\mathrm{Co}^{2+}\) tetrahedral complex ions.
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