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Chapter 22: Problem 11

Answer the following questions regarding the formation of polymers. a. What structural features must be present in a monomer in order to form a homopolymer polyester? b. What structural features must be present in the monomers in order to form a copolymer polyamide? (Hint: Nylon is an example of a polyamide. When the monomers link together to form nylon, an amide functional group results from each linkage.) c. What structural features must be present in a monomer that can form both an addition polymer and a condensation polymer?

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. A monomer must have both a carboxyl (-COOH) and a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group to form a homopolymer polyester. b. One monomer must have an amine functional group (-NH2), and the other must have a carboxyl functional group (-COOH) to form a copolymer polyamide. c. A monomer must have a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) and a reactive functional group, such as -OH, -COOH, or -NH2, to form both an addition polymer and a condensation polymer.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the functional groups required in a monomer to form a homopolymer polyester

A homopolymer polyester is formed through a reaction between monomers containing a carboxyl functional group (-COOH) and a hydroxyl functional group (-OH). The reaction results in the formation of an ester linkage (-COO-).
02

Determine the necessary structure for a monomer to form a homopolymer polyester

For a monomer to form a homopolymer polyester, it must have both the carboxyl functional group and the hydroxyl functional group. An example of such a monomer is hydroxybenzoic acid, which has the structure: HO-C6H4-COOH So, the structural features for a monomer to form a homopolymer polyester include both a carboxyl and a hydroxyl functional group. #b. Copolymer polyamide#
03

Identify the functional groups required for a copolymer polyamide

A copolymer polyamide is formed by the reaction between monomers containing an amine functional group (-NH2) and a carboxyl functional group (-COOH). The reaction results in the formation of an amide linkage (-CONH-).
04

Determine the necessary structure for monomers to form a copolymer polyamide

For monomers to form a copolymer polyamide, one must contain an amine functional group (-NH2) and the other must have a carboxyl functional group (-COOH). Examples of such monomers are hexamethylenediamine (H2N-(CH2)6-NH2) and adipic acid (HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH). The monomers must have these functional groups for the formation of the polyamide copolymer. #c. Monomer for an addition polymer and a condensation polymer#
05

Determine the structural feature for an addition polymer

Addition polymers are formed through the reaction between monomers containing a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). This double bond is broken and forms new single bonds with other monomers to create the polymer.
06

Determine the structural feature for a condensation polymer

Condensation polymers are formed through the reaction between monomers containing reactive functional groups, such as -OH, -COOH, or -NH2, which combine to form a new bond and release a small molecule, usually water.
07

Identify a monomer with the structural features to form both an addition and a condensation polymer

A monomer that can form both an addition polymer and a condensation polymer would need a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) to form the addition polymer and at least one reactive functional group to form the condensation polymer. An example of such a monomer is acrylic acid (CH2=CHCOOH), which has a carbon-carbon double bond and a carboxyl functional group (-COOH). So, the structural features for a monomer to form both an addition polymer and a condensation polymer include a carbon-carbon double bond and a reactive functional group, such as -OH, -COOH, or -NH2.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When acrylic polymers are burned, toxic fumes are produced. For example, in many airplane fires, more passenger deaths have been caused by breathing toxic fumes than by the fire itself. Using polyacrylonitrile as an example, what would you expect to be one of the most toxic, gaseous combustion products created in the reaction?

Draw the following incorrectly named compounds and name them correctly. a. 2-ethyl-3-methyl-5-isopropylhexane b. 2-ethyl-4-tert-butylpentane c. 3-methyl-4-isopropylpentane d. 2-ethyl-3-butyne

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