Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 22: Problem 147

When heat is added to proteins, the hydrogen bonding in the secondary structure is disrupted. What are the algebraic signs of \(\Delta H\) and $\Delta S$ for the denaturation process?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the denaturation process of proteins due to heat, hydrogen bonds in the secondary structure are disrupted, causing the protein to become less ordered. The algebraic sign of ∆H (enthalpy change) is positive (+) as heat is absorbed, and the algebraic sign of ∆S (entropy change) is positive (+) due to the increase in disorder.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the denaturation process

Protein denaturation is a process in which a protein loses its structure and function due to external factors such as heat or addition of chemicals. In this case, heat is added, which disrupts hydrogen bonding in the protein's secondary structure. As a result, the protein unfolds and becomes less ordered.
02

Determine the sign of ∆H (enthalpy change)

Enthalpy change, ∆H, is the amount of heat absorbed or released by a process. In the denaturation process, heat is being added to the protein, which causes hydrogen bonds to break. Since heat is absorbed, the enthalpy change is positive. Therefore, the algebraic sign of ∆H is positive (+).
03

Determine the sign of ∆S (entropy change)

Entropy, represented by S, is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. In the denaturation process, as the protein's secondary structure is disrupted, the protein becomes less ordered and more disordered. An increase in disorder corresponds to a positive entropy change. Therefore, the algebraic sign of ∆S is positive (+).
04

State the answer

For the denaturation process of proteins due to heat, the algebraic sign of ∆H (enthalpy change) is positive (+), and the algebraic sign of ∆S (entropy change) is positive (+).

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Give two examples of saturated hydrocarbons. How many other atoms are bonded to each carbon in a saturated hydrocarbon?

When toluene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)\) reacts with chlorine gas in the presence of iron(III) catalyst, the product is a mixture of the ortho and para isomers of $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{ClCH}_{3}$ . However, when the reaction is light-catalyzed with no \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) catalyst present, the product is $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}$ . Explain.

Mycomycin, a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by the fungus Nocardia acidophilus, has the molecular formula $\mathrm{C}_{13} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{2}\( and the systematic name \)3,5,7,8\( -tridecatetraene- \)10,12$ -diynoic acid. Draw the structure of mycomycin.

There are three isomers of dichlorobenzene, one of which has now replaced naphthalene as the main constituent of mothballs. a. Identify the ortho, the meta, and the para isomers of dichlorobenzene. b. Predict the number of isomers for trichlorobenzene. c. It turns out that the presence of one chlorine atom on a benzene ring will cause the next substituent to add ortho or para to the first chlorine atom on the benzene ring. What does this tell you about the synthesis of m-dichlorobenzene? d. Which of the isomers of trichlorobenzene will be the hardest to prepare?

Name all of the aldehydes and ketones that have the formula $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}$ .
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free