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Chapter 22: Problem 2

Give an example of a hydrocarbon that, in theory, exhibits each of the following bond angles: \(60^{\circ}, 90^{\circ}, 109.5^{\circ}, 120^{\circ},\) and \(180^{\circ} .\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Examples of hydrocarbons that exhibit the desired bond angles are: - 60° bond angle: cyclopropane (C3H6) - 90° bond angle: None (hydrocarbons do not exhibit this bond angle) - 109.5° bond angle: methane (CH4) - 120° bond angle: ethylene (C2H4) - 180° bond angle: acetylene (C2H2)

Step by step solution

01

60° Bond Angle Example

To find a hydrocarbon with a 60° bond angle, we need to look for molecules with a trigonal planar geometry, where the central atom is connected to three other atoms, and all atoms are in the same plane. An example of a hydrocarbon that exhibits a 60° bond angle is cyclopropane (C3H6), where each carbon atom is connected to two other carbon atoms, forming a triangle. The bond angles between carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule are approximately 60°.
02

90° Bond Angle Example

To find a hydrocarbon with a 90° bond angle, we need to look for molecules with a tetrahedral geometry, where the central atom is connected to four other atoms. However, due to the nature of hydrocarbons, it is not possible to find an example of a hydrocarbon with a 90° bond angle, as all hydrocarbons have either smaller or larger bond angles.
03

109.5° Bond Angle Example

To find a hydrocarbon with a 109.5° bond angle, we need to look for molecules with a tetrahedral geometry, where the central atom is connected to four other atoms. An example of such a hydrocarbon is methane (CH4). The bond angles between carbon and hydrogen in methane are approximately 109.5°.
04

120° Bond Angle Example

To find a hydrocarbon with a 120° bond angle, we need to look for molecules with a trigonal planar geometry, where the central atom is connected to three other atoms, and all atoms are in the same plane. An example of such a hydrocarbon is ethylene (C2H4). The bond angles between carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule are approximately 120°.
05

180° Bond Angle Example

To find a hydrocarbon with a 180° bond angle, we need to look for molecules with a linear geometry, where the central atom is connected to two other atoms, and all atoms are in a straight line. An example of such a hydrocarbon is acetylene (C2H2). The bond angle between the carbon-carbon triple bond and the carbon-hydrogen single bonds in acetylene is 180°.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Helicenes are extended fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons that have a helical or screw-shaped structure. a. A \(0.1450-\) g sample of solid helicene is combusted in air to give 0.5063 \(\mathrm{g} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\) . What is the empirical formula of this helicene? b. If a 0.0938 -g sample of this helicene is dissolved in 12.5 g of solvent to give a 0.0175 M solution, what is the molecular formula of this helicene? c. What is the balanced reaction for the combustion of this helicene?

Give the structure of each of the following aromatic hydrocarbons. $$ \begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. } o \text { -ethyltoluene }} & {\text { c. } m \text { -diethylbenzene }} \\ {\text { b. } p \text { -di-tert-butylbenzene }} & {\text { d. } 1 \text { -phenyl-2-butene }}\end{array} $$

When acrylic polymers are burned, toxic fumes are produced. For example, in many airplane fires, more passenger deaths have been caused by breathing toxic fumes than by the fire itself. Using polyacrylonitrile as an example, what would you expect to be one of the most toxic, gaseous combustion products created in the reaction?

Draw all structural and geometrical (cis-trans) isomers of $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{F}$ . Ignore any cyclic isomers.

Give two examples of saturated hydrocarbons. How many other atoms are bonded to each carbon in a saturated hydrocarbon?
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