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Chapter 22: Problem 29

Give the structure for each of the following. a. 3-hexene b. 2,4-heptadiene c. 2-methyl-3-octene

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. 3-hexene: Structure: \(H_2C=CH-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\) b. 2,4-heptadiene: Structure: \(H_2C=C(-CH_3)-CH=C-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\) c. 2-methyl-3-octene: Structure: \(H_2C=C(-CH_3)-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the main carbon chain

For each compound, we need to find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and label them accordingly. a. 3-hexene: Hexene indicates a 6-carbon chain with an alkene (double bond). The "3-" prefix indicates the double bond starts at the 3rd carbon atom. b. 2,4-heptadiene: Heptadiene indicates a 7-carbon chain with two alkenes (double bonds). The "2,4-" prefix shows that the double bonds are at the 2nd and 4th carbon atoms. c. 2-methyl-3-octene: Octene indicates an 8-carbon chain with an alkene (double bond). The "3-" prefix shows that the double bond starts at the 3rd carbon atom. Additionally, there is a methyl group at the 2nd carbon atom, as indicated by "2-methyl".
02

Draw the main carbon chain

Draw the main carbon chain for each compound: a. 3-hexene: Six carbon atoms in a chain. b. 2,4-heptadiene: Seven carbon atoms in a chain. c. 2-methyl-3-octene: Eight carbon atoms in a chain.
03

Add the double bonds

Now, we will add the double bonds to the main chain according to the IUPAC naming. a. 3-hexene: Insert the double bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms. b. 2,4-heptadiene: Insert double bonds between the 2nd and 3rd carbon atoms, as well as between the 4th and 5th carbon atoms. c. 2-methyl-3-octene: Insert the double bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms.
04

Add the substituents

For any compounds with additional substituents, add them to the main chain accordingly. a. 3-hexene: No additional substituents. b. 2,4-heptadiene: No additional substituents. c. 2-methyl-3-octene: Add a methyl (CH3) group to the 2nd carbon atom.
05

Draw the complete structures

Finally, draw the complete structures with the main carbon chain, double bonds, and any substituents: a. 3-hexene: Structure: \(H_2C=CH-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\) b. 2,4-heptadiene: Structure: \(H_2C=C(-CH_3)-CH=C-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\) c. 2-methyl-3-octene: Structure: \(H_2C=C(-CH_3)-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\)

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