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Chapter 22: Problem 39

Draw all the structural isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10}\) . Ignore any cyclic isomers.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The five different structural isomers of C5H10, excluding cyclic isomers, are: 1. Pent-1-ene: \(\text{CH}_2=\text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\) 2. 3-methylbut-1-ene: \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)=\text{CH}_2\) 3. Pent-2-ene: \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}=\text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_3\) 4. 2-methylbut-1-ene: \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)=\text{CH}_2\) 5. 2-methylbut-2-ene: \(\text{CH}_3\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)=\text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_3\)

Step by step solution

01

Draw the longest carbon chain isomers of alkenes

Start by drawing the longest carbon chain containing a double bond (alkene) for C5H10. This results in a 5-carbon chain with a double bond between carbon 1 and carbon 2. 1. Pent-1-ene: \[ \text{CH}_2= \text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 \]
02

Draw a carbon chain isomer with a side chain

Let's draw an isomer with one of the carbon atoms branched as a side chain. For this, we can have a 4-carbon chain with a double bond and a methyl group attached to carbon 2. 2. 3-methylbut-1-ene: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)=\text{CH}_2 \]
03

Draw positional isomers for the longest carbon chain

Now, let's draw positional isomers for the longest carbon chain. This involves changing the position of the double bond in the chain. For a 5-carbon chain, there is only one possible position for a double bond apart from step 1. 3. Pent-2-ene: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH} =\text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \]
04

Draw positional isomers for the carbon chain with a side chain

Now, let's draw all the positional isomers for the carbon chain with a side chain. We can change the position of the double bond and the side chain to create new isomers. 4. 2-methylbut-1-ene: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)=\text{CH}_2 \] 5. 2-methylbut-2-ene: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)=\text{CHCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \]
05

Conclusion

In conclusion, there are five different structural isomers of C5H10 (excluding cyclic isomers), which are: 1. Pent-1-ene 2. 3-methylbut-1-ene 3. Pent-2-ene 4. 2-methylbut-1-ene 5. 2-methylbut-2-ene

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