Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 22: Problem 45

Draw the following. a. cis-2-hexene b. trans-2-butene c. cis-2,3-dichloro-2-pentene

Short Answer

Expert verified
The short answer for the structures of the given isomers are: - cis-2-hexene: a hexene molecule with a C=C double bond between the 2nd and 3rd carbon atoms, and both Hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the double bond. - trans-2-butene: a butene molecule with a C=C double bond between the 2nd and 3rd carbon atoms, and both Hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond. - cis-2,3-dichloro-2-pentene: a pentene molecule with a C=C double bond between the 2nd and 3rd carbon atoms, and both Chlorine atoms are on the same side of the double bond.

Step by step solution

01

Understand cis and trans isomers

Cis and trans are geometric isomers, referring to the position of substituents on each side of the double bond in alkenes. In cis isomers, the substituents are on the same side of the double bond, while in trans isomers, the substituents are on opposite sides of the double bond.
02

Understand alkene structure

Alkenes are organic compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms with at least one carbon-carbon (C=C) double bond. The rest of the valencies of the carbon atoms are fulfilled by hydrogen atoms or other substituents.
03

Draw cis-2-hexene

Cis-2-hexene is an alkene with the formula C6H12 and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms, with the remaining carbons forming a continuous chain. To draw this structure, follow these steps: 1. Draw a straight line, which represents the C=C double bond. 2. Add one hydrogen atom (H) on each side of the double bond, on the same side of the line, representing the "cis" configuration. 3. Attach the remaining carbon atoms in a zig-zag pattern to complete the hexene molecule (with six carbons in total). Remember that each carbon atom forms four bonds. 4. Fill in the remaining hydrogen atoms, so that every carbon atom has 4 bonds.
04

Draw trans-2-butene

Trans-2-butene is an alkene with the formula C4H8 and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms, with the remaining carbons forming a continuous chain. To draw this structure, follow these steps: 1. Draw a straight line, which represents the C=C double bond. 2. Add one hydrogen atom (H) on each side of the double bond, on opposite sides of the line, representing the "trans" configuration. 3. Attach the remaining carbon atoms in a zig-zag pattern to complete the butene molecule (with four carbons in total). Remember that each carbon atom forms four bonds. 4. Fill in the remaining hydrogen atoms, so that every carbon atom has 4 bonds.
05

Draw cis-2,3-dichloro-2-pentene

Cis-2,3-dichloro-2-pentene is an alkene with the formula C5H8Cl2 and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms and two chlorine (Cl) atoms attached to these carbons. To draw this structure, follow these steps: 1. Draw a straight line, which represents the C=C double bond. 2. Add one chlorine atom (Cl) on each side of the double bond, on the same side of the line, representing the "cis" configuration. 3. Attach the remaining carbon atoms in a zig-zag pattern to complete the pentene molecule (with five carbons in total). Remember that each carbon atom forms four bonds. 4. Fill in the remaining hydrogen atoms, so that every carbon atom has 4 bonds, except the carbons with the chlorine substituents, which form three bonds.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Three different organic compounds have the formula $\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}$ . Only two of these isomers react with \(\mathrm{KMn} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) (a strong oxidizing agent). What are the names of the products when these isomers react with excess \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4} ?\)

Oxygen is carried from the lungs to tissues by the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia is a disease resulting from abnormal hemoglobin molecules in which a valine is substituted for a single glutamic acid in normal hemoglobin. How might this substitution affect the structure of hemoglobin?

Ethyl caprate is an ester used in the manufacture of wine bouquets. It is sometimes called "cognac essence." Combustion analysis of a sample of ethyl caprate shows it to be 71.89\(\% \mathrm{C}\) , 12.13\(\%\) hydrogen, and 15.98\(\%\) O by mass. Hydrolysis (reaction with water) of the ester produces ethanol and a carboxylic acid. The molar mass of the carboxylic acid is 172 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mol}\) , and the \(\mathrm{R}\) group attached to the COOH group of the acid is a straight chain alkane. What is the structure of ethyl caprate?

For each of the following, fill in the blank with the correct response. All of these fill-in-the-blank problems pertain to material covered in the sections on alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon derivatives. a. The first “organic” compound to be synthesized in the laboratory, rather than being isolated from nature, was , which was prepared from . b. An organic compound whose carbon–carbon bonds are all single bonds is said to be . c. The general orientation of the four pairs of electrons around the carbon atoms in alkanes is . d. Alkanes in which the carbon atoms form a single unbranched chain are said to be alkanes. e. Structural isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same number of each type of atom but exhibit different arrangements of the between those atoms. f. The systematic names of all saturated hydrocarbons have the ending added to a root name that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. g. For a branched hydrocarbon, the root name for the hydrocarbon comes from the number of carbon atoms in the continuous chain in the molecule. h. The positions of substituents along the hydrocarbon framework of a molecule are indicated by the of the carbon atom to which the substituents are attached. i. The major use of alkanes has been in reactions, as a source of heat and light. j. With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo reactions, whereby a new atom replaces one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane. k. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid, complete reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the carbon atoms of the double or triple bond. l. Unsaturated fats may be converted to saturated fats by the process of . m. Benzene is the parent member of the group of hydrocarbons called hydrocarbons. n. An atom or group of atoms that imparts new and characteristic properties to an organic molecule is called a group. o. A alcohol is one in which there is only one hydrocarbon group attached to the carbon atom holding the hydroxyl group. p. The simplest alcohol, methanol, is prepared industrially by the hydrogenation of . q. Ethanol is commonly prepared by the of certain sugars by yeast. r. Both aldehydes and ketones contain the group, but they differ in where this group occurs along the hydrocarbon chain. s. Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by of the corresponding alcohol. t. Organic acids, which contain the group, are typically weak acids. u. The typically sweet-smelling compounds called result from the condensation reaction of an organic acid with an .

Draw a structural formula for each of the following compounds. a. 2-methylpropane b. 2-methylbutane c. 2-methylpentane d. 2-methylhexane
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free