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Chapter 22: Problem 55

For each of the following alcohols, give the systematic name and specify whether the alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary

Short Answer

Expert verified
\(1. CH_3-CH_2-OH:\) Ethanol (Primary) \(2. CH_3-CHOH-CH_3:\) 2-Propanol or Propan-2-ol (Secondary) \(3. (CH_3)_3-C-OH:\) 2-Methyl-2-propanol or 2-Methylpropan-2-ol (Tertiary)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the type of alcohol - Example 1

For the alcohol CH3-CH2-OH, our first step is to locate the hydroxyl (-OH) group, which is attached to the last carbon atom. This carbon atom is bonded to only one other carbon atom, making this a primary alcohol.
02

Determine the systematic name - Example 1

Now, let's determine the systematic name for CH3-CH2-OH. The parent chain is a two-carbon chain called "ethane." The hydroxyl group is at the first carbon atom, which gives us the name "ethanol." Thus, the systematic name for CH3-CH2-OH is ethanol.
03

Identify the type of alcohol - Example 2

For the alcohol CH3-CHOH-CH3, locate the hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to the central carbon atom. This carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms, which makes this a secondary alcohol.
04

Determine the systematic name - Example 2

Now, let's determine the systematic name for CH3-CHOH-CH3. The parent chain is a three-carbon chain called "propane." The hydroxyl group is at the second carbon atom, which gives us the name "2-propanol" or "propan-2-ol." Thus, the systematic name for CH3-CHOH-CH3 is 2-propanol or propan-2-ol.
05

Identify the type of alcohol - Example 3

For the alcohol (CH3)3-C-OH, locate the hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to the central carbon atom. This carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms, making this a tertiary alcohol.
06

Determine the systematic name - Example 3

Now, let's determine the systematic name for (CH3)3-C-OH. The parent chain is a four-carbon chain called "butane." The hydroxyl group is at the second carbon atom, which gives us the name "2-methyl-2-propanol" or "2-methylpropan-2-ol." Thus, the systematic name for (CH3)3-C-OH is 2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-methylpropan-2-ol. So, for our three example alcohols, their systematic names and types are as follows: 1. CH3-CH2-OH: Ethanol (Primary) 2. CH3-CHOH-CH3: 2-Propanol or Propan-2-ol (Secondary) 3. (CH3)3-C-OH: 2-Methyl-2-propanol or 2-Methylpropan-2-ol (Tertiary)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If one hydrogen in a hydrocarbon is replaced by a halogen atom, the number of isomers that exist for the substituted compound depends on the number of types of hydrogen in the original hydrocarbon. Thus there is only one form of chloroethane (all hydrogens in ethane are equivalent), but there are two isomers of propane that arise from the substitution of a methyl hydrogen or a methylene hydrogen. How many isomers can be obtained when one hydrogen in each of the compounds named below is replaced by a chlorine atom? $$ \begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. } n \text { -pentane }} & {\text { c. } 2,4 \text { -dimethylpentane }} \\ {\text { b. } 2 \text { -methylbutane }} & {\text { d. methylcyclobutane }}\end{array} $$

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