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Chapter 22: Problem 56

Draw structural formulas for each of the following alcohols Indicate whether the alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary. $$ \begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. } 1-\text { butanol }} & {\text { c. } 2 \text { -methyl- } 1 \text { -butanol }} \\ {\text { b. } 2 \text { -butanol }} & {\text { d. } 2 \text { -methyl-2-butanol }}\end{array} $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structural formulas and classifications of the given alcohols are as follows: a. 1-Butanol: \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-OH\) (Primary alcohol) b. 2-Butanol: \(CH_3-CH(OH)-CH_2-CH_3\) (Secondary alcohol) c. 2-Methyl-1-butanol: \(CH_3-CH(OH)-CH(CH_3)-CH_3\) (Primary alcohol) d. 2-Methyl-2-butanol: \(CH_3-C(CH_3)(OH)-CH_2-CH_3\) (Tertiary alcohol)

Step by step solution

01

a. 1-Butanol

1. Write the parent chain The name 1-butanol indicates a 4-carbon chain with a hydroxyl (-OH) group on the first carbon. So our parent chain is a butane molecule with an OH group on the first carbon atom which gives: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH 2. Classify the alcohol Since the hydroxyl(OH) group is attached to a carbon with only one other carbon atom bonded to it, it is classified as a primary alcohol.
02

b. 2-Butanol

1. Write the parent chain The name 2-butanol indicates a 4-carbon chain with a hydroxyl (-OH) group on the second carbon. So our parent chain is a butane molecule with an OH group on the second carbon atom which gives: CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 2. Classify the alcohol Since the hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to a carbon with two other carbon atoms bonded to it, it is classified as a secondary alcohol.
03

c. 2-Methyl-1-butanol

1. Write the parent chain The name 2-methyl-1-butanol indicates a 4-carbon chain butanol with a hydroxyl (-OH) group on the first carbon and a methyl group on the second carbon. So our parent chain is a butane molecule with an OH group on the first carbon atom and a methyl group on the second carbon atom which gives: CH3-CH(OH)-CH(CH3)-CH3 2. Classify the alcohol Since the hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to a carbon with only one other carbon atom bonded to it, it is classified as a primary alcohol.
04

d. 2-Methyl-2-butanol

1. Write the parent chain The name 2-methyl-2-butanol indicates a 4-carbon chain butanol with a hydroxyl (-OH) group on the second carbon and a methyl group on the second carbon. So our parent chain is a butane molecule with an OH group on the second carbon atom and a methyl group on the second carbon atom which gives: CH3-C(CH3)(OH)-CH2-CH3 2. Classify the alcohol Since the hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to a carbon with three other carbon atoms bonded to it, it is classified as a tertiary alcohol.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In glycine, the carboxylic acid group has \(K_{a}=4.3 \times 10^{-3}\) and the amino group has \(K_{b}=6.0 \times 10^{-5} .\) Use these equilibrium constant values to calculate the equilibrium constants for the following. $$ \mathrm{a} .^{+} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+} $$ $$ \mathrm{b} . \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}+\mathrm{OH}^{-} $$ $$ \mathrm{c} .^{+} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H} \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-} $$

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