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Chapter 22: Problem 57

Name all of the alcohols that have the formula $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\( . How many ethers have the formula \)\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O} ?$

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are 4 alcohols with the formula C4H10O: 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 1-methyl-1-propanol. There are 3 ethers with the same formula: methyl propyl ether, propyl methyl ether, and diethyl ether.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the structure of alcohols

Alcohols have the general formula CnH2n+1OH, where n represents the number of carbon atoms. In our case, the formula given is C4H10O. So, there are 4 carbon atoms present, and the alcohol functional group (OH) will be attached to one of these.
02

Identify and draw isomers of C4H10O alcohols

To find all structural isomers of C4H10O alcohols, we will attach the OH group to each carbon atom in the C4H9 chain one at a time. There are 4 alcohols that can be formed this way. 1. 1-butanol: OH is attached to the first carbon atom. 2. 2-butanol: OH is attached to the second carbon atom. 3. 2-methyl-1-propanol: A branching occurs, with the OH group attached to the first carbon atom and a methyl group on the second carbon atom. 4. 1-methyl-1-propanol: This isomer also has a branching, with the OH group attached to the first carbon atom and a methyl group on the second carbon atom. These are all the possible isomers for C4H10O alcohols.
03

Analyze the structure of ethers

Ethers have the general formula R-O-R', where R and R' are alkyl groups. In our case, since the formula is C4H10O, the total number of carbon atoms in R and R' should add up to 4.
04

Identify and count isomers of C4H10O ethers

Keeping the general formula of ethers (R-O-R') in mind, we will find all possible combinations of R and R' where the total number of carbons add up to 4: 1. R = methyl group (1 carbon) and R' = propyl group (3 carbons) 2. R = propyl group (3 carbons) and R' = methyl group (1 carbon) 3. R = ethyl group (2 carbons) and R' = ethyl group (2 carbons) These combinations give us 3 isomers for ethers with the formula C4H10O. Answer: There are 4 possible alcohols with the formula C4H10O: 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 1-methyl-1-propanol. There are 3 possible ethers with the same formula: methyl propyl ether, propyl methyl ether, and diethyl ether.

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