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Chapter 22: Problem 62

Draw the structural formula for each of the following. a. formaldehyde (methanal) b. 4-heptanone c. 3-chlorobutanal d. 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Methanal (formaldehyde): H-C=O b. 4-heptanone: CH₃CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₃ c. 3-chlorobutanal: ClCH₂CH₂CH₂-C=O d. 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone: CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃

Step by step solution

01

Find the main functional group and backbone

Methanal is an aldehyde, so its functional group is a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a hydrogen atom. The backbone is only one carbon atom.
02

Draw the structural formula

Put the single carbon atom in the center, attach the carbonyl oxygen atom with a double bond to the carbon, and the hydrogen atom with a single bond to the carbon. The formula for methanal is H-C=O. b. 4-heptanone
03

Find the main functional group and backbone

4-heptanone is a ketone with a seven-carbon backbone (heptane) and a carbonyl group at the fourth carbon.
04

Draw the structural formula

Draw a seven-carbon chain. Attach the carbonyl group to the fourth carbon. The other carbons have two hydrogen atoms each. The formula for 4-heptanone is CH3CH2CH2C(O)CH2CH2CH3. c. 3-chlorobutanal
05

Find the main functional group, backbone, and other substituent

3-chlorobutanal is an aldehyde with a four-carbon backbone (butane). It has a chloro substituent at the third carbon atom.
06

Draw the structural formula

Draw a four-carbon chain with the carbonyl group (C=O) attached to the first carbon. Attach the chlorine atom to the third carbon. The formula for 3-chlorobutanal is ClCH2CH2CH2-C=O. d. 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone
07

Find the main functional group, backbone, and other substituent

5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone is a ketone with a six-carbon backbone (hexane) and a carbonyl group at the second carbon. There are two methyl substituents at the fifth carbon.
08

Draw the structural formula

Draw a six-carbon chain with the carbonyl group attached to the second carbon. Add two methyl groups (CH3) to the fifth carbon. The formula for 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone is CH3C(O)CH2CH2C(CH3)2CH2CH3.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give two examples of saturated hydrocarbons. How many other atoms are bonded to each carbon in a saturated hydrocarbon?

If one hydrogen in a hydrocarbon is replaced by a halogen atom, the number of isomers that exist for the substituted compound depends on the number of types of hydrogen in the original hydrocarbon. Thus there is only one form of chloroethane (all hydrogens in ethane are equivalent), but there are two isomers of propane that arise from the substitution of a methyl hydrogen or a methylene hydrogen. How many isomers can be obtained when one hydrogen in each of the compounds named below is replaced by a chlorine atom? $$ \begin{array}{ll}{\text { a. } n \text { -pentane }} & {\text { c. } 2,4 \text { -dimethylpentane }} \\ {\text { b. } 2 \text { -methylbutane }} & {\text { d. methylcyclobutane }}\end{array} $$

Give an example reaction that would yield the following products as major organic products. See Exercises 22.68 and 22.71 for some hints. For oxidation reactions, just write oxidation over the arrow and don’t worry about the actual reagent. a. primary alcohol b. secondary alcohol c. tertiary alcohol d. aldehyde e. ketone f. carboxylic acid g. ester

How would you synthesize each of the following? a. 1,2-dibromopropane from propene b. acetone (2-propanone) from an alcohol c. tert-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol) from an alkene (See Exercise 68.) d. propanoic acid from an alcohol

Give the structure for each of the following. a. 4-methyl-1-pentyne b. 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-hexene c. 3-ethyl-4-decene
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